Epigenetics, as an important scientific field that bridges genomic function and phenotypic plasticity, increasingly demonstrates its value in bee research. In recent years, with the rapid development of omics technologies, there have been significant advancements in the study of epigenetics in honeybees. This article reviews the role of epigenetic regulation in the development, behavioral regulation, and immune response of honeybee larvae from the perspectives of DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA. With the continuous deepening of related research, honeybee epigenetics not only opens new paths for understanding the formation mechanisms of complex traits in social insects but also provides solid theoretical support and innovative perspectives for the study of social insects and beekeeping practices. These insights also inform sustainable beekeeping practices.

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are essential pollinators, responsible for the pollination of over 80% of crops and flowering plants globally. However, there is concern that the extensive use of pesticides, particularly atrazine, can harm pollinators. Despite the widespread use of atrazine, the sublethal effects on honey bees remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of atrazine on honey bee sucrose sensitivity and clarified the underlying molecular mechanisms using transcriptomic analyses. Atrazine exposure reduced the sucrose sensitivity of honey bees substantially, likely through the inhibition of functional genes associated with cognition in the brain. Genes related to neurodegenerative diseases and behavior were differentially expressed in response to atrazine. These findings provide novel insights into the neurophysiological and behavioral effects of atrazine on honey bees, contributing to a better understanding of pesticide risks and informing future environmental regulations.