In this article, we present a novel approach to tool condition monitoring in the chipboard milling process using machine learning algorithms. The presented study aims to address the challenges of detecting tool wear and predicting tool failure in real time, which can significantly improve the efficiency and productivity of the manufacturing process. A combination of feature engineering and machine learning techniques was applied in order to analyze 11 signals generated during the milling process. The presented approach achieved high accuracy in detecting tool wear and predicting tool failure, outperforming traditional methods. The final findings demonstrate the potential of machine learning algorithms in improving tool condition monitoring in the manufacturing industry. This study contributes to the growing body of research on the application of artificial intelligence in industrial processes. In conclusion, the presented research highlights the importance of adopting innovative approaches to address the challenges of tool condition monitoring in the manufacturing industry. The final results provide valuable insights for practitioners and researchers in the field of industrial automation and machine learning.

This research delves into the application of machine learning methods for predicting the yield of potato varieties used for French fries in Poland. By integrating a comprehensive dataset comprising agronomical, climatic, soil, and satellite-based vegetation data from 36 commercial potato fields over five growing seasons (2018–2022), we developed three distinct models: non-satellite, satellite, and hybrid. The non-satellite model, relying on 85 features, excludes vegetation indices, whereas the satellite model includes these indices within its 128 features. The hybrid model, combining all available features, encompasses a total of 165 features, presenting the most-comprehensive approach. Our findings revealed that the hybrid model, particularly when enhanced with SVM outlier detection, exhibited superior performance with the lowest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 5.85%, underscoring the effectiveness of integrating diverse data sources into agricultural yield prediction. In contrast, the non-satellite and satellite models displayed higher MAPE values, indicating less accuracy compared to the hybrid model. Advanced data-processing techniques such as PCA and outlier detection methods (LOF and One-Class SVM) played a pivotal role in model performance, optimising feature selection and dataset refinement. The study concluded that machine learning methods, particularly when leveraging a multifaceted approach involving a wide array of data sources and advanced processing techniques, can significantly enhance the accuracy of agricultural yield predictions. These insights pave the way for more-efficient and -informed agricultural practices, emphasising the potential of machine learning in revolutionising yield prediction and crop management.

In this paper, we present a high-accuracy model for blueberry yield prediction, trained using structurally innovative data sets. Blueberries are blooming plants, valued for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Yield on the plantations depends on several factors, both internal and external. Predicting the accurate amount of harvest is an important aspect in work planning and storage space selection. Machine learning algorithms are commonly used in such prediction tasks, since they are capable of finding correlations between various factors at play. Overall data were collected from years 2016–2021, and included agronomic, climatic and soil data as well satellite-imaging vegetation data. Additionally, growing periods according to BBCH scale and aggregates were taken into account. After extensive data preprocessing and obtaining cumulative features, a total of 11 models were trained and evaluated. Chosen classifiers were selected from state-of-the-art methods in similar applications. To evaluate the results, Mean Absolute Percentage Error was chosen. It is superior to alternatives, since it takes into account absolute values, negating the risk that opposite variables will cancel out, while the final result outlines percentage difference between the actual value and prediction. Regarding the research presented, the best performing solution proved to be Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithm, with MAPE value equal to 12.48%. This result meets the requirements of practical applications, with sufficient accuracy to improve the overall yield management process. Due to the nature of machine learning methodology, the presented solution can be further improved with annually collected data.

In this article, a Siamese network is applied to the drill wear classification problem. For furniture companies, one of the main problems that occurs during the production process is finding the exact moment when the drill should be replaced. When the drill is not sharp enough, it can result in a poor quality product and therefore generate some financial loss for the company. In various approaches to this problem, usually, three classes are considered: green for a drill that is sharp, red for the opposite, and yellow for a tool that is suspected of being worn out, requiring additional evaluation by a human expert. In the above problem, it is especially important that the green and the red classes not be mistaken, since such errors have the highest probability of generating financial loss for the manufacturer. Most of the solutions analysing this problem are too complex, requiring specialized equipment, high financial investment, or both, without guaranteeing that the obtained results will be satisfactory. In the approach presented in this paper, images of drilled holes are used as the training data for the Siamese network. The presented solution is much simpler in terms of the data collection methodology, does not require a large financial investment for the initial equipment, and can accurately qualify drill wear based on the chosen input. It also takes into consideration additional manufacturer requirements, like no green-red misclassifications, that are usually omitted in existing solutions.

This paper presents a novel approach to the assessment of decision confidence when multi-class recognition is concerned. When many classification problems are considered, while eliminating human interaction with the system might be one goal, it is not the only possible option—lessening the workload of human experts can also bring huge improvement to the production process. The presented approach focuses on providing a tool that will significantly decrease the amount of work that the human expert needs to conduct while evaluating different samples. Instead of hard classification, which assigns a single label to each class, the described solution focuses on evaluating each case in terms of decision confidence—checking how sure the classifier is in the case of the currently processed example, and deciding if the final classification should be performed, or if the sample should instead be manually evaluated by a human expert. The method can be easily adjusted to any number of classes. It can also focus either on the classification accuracy or coverage of the used dataset, depending on user preferences. Different confidence functions are evaluated in that aspect. The results obtained during experiments meet the initial criteria, providing an acceptable quality for the final solution.

This paper presents an improved method for recognizing the drill state on the basis of hole images drilled in a laminated chipboard, using convolutional neural network (CNN) and data augmentation techniques. Three classes were used to describe the drill state: red - for drill that is worn out and should be replaced, yellow - for state in which the system should send a warning to the operator, indicating that this element should be checked manually, and green - denoting the drill that is still in good condition, which allows for further use in the production process. The presented method combines the advantages of transfer learning and data augmentation methods to improve the accuracy of the received evaluations. In contrast to the classical deep learning methods, transfer learning requires much smaller training data sets to achieve acceptable results. At the same time, data augmentation customized for drill wear recognition makes it possible to expand the original dataset and to improve the overall accuracy. The experiments performed have confirmed the suitability of the presented approach to accurate class recognition in the given problem, even while using a small original dataset.