Initiatives abound for improving energy efficiency in existing dwellings stock, yet the impact in their indoor thermal comfort conditions, postretrofit performance, and comfort levels are insufficiently explored. Studies that evaluate this parameter, enabling the validation or adjustment of current policies of retrofit actions, would be essential. Thus, this paper details the thermal monitoring and behaviour of a sample of 92 dwellings with a homogeneous user profile, with the aim of identifying thermal and comfort patterns. For this purpose, continuous long‐term monitoring is proposed for the comparative analysis of time series data for different climatic periods, instead of complex and individual data collection in situ. In order to correlate the envelope’s thermal behaviour, buildings are characterised in terms of building typology and construction period, after which occupant behaviours are examined via questionnaires on self‐reported thermal sensations and adaptive actions. Key results point to a lack of relationship between the building typology and construction period and thermal performance, even after the implementation of energy efficiency improvement measures. Additionally, thermal comfort was found to be intermittent, albeit more present in winter than summer, with a marked heterogeneity when it comes to individual habits. These facts indicate that it is necessary to include additional thermal performance driving factors for determining practical comfort implications and characterising its correlation with energy efficiency.

Los pueblos de colonización suponen un modelo poblacional muy vinculado con su entorno y sus habitantes. Vegaviana, construido en Extremadura en los años 50 de la mano del arquitecto José Luis Fernández del Amo,presenta características que actualmente se considerarían como sostenibles. Hoy en día esto implicaríafomentar también la Economía Circular (EC). Por ello, el objetivo principal de este artículo es conocer si el diseño urbanístico de los pueblos de colonización extremeños, tomando como referencia a Vegaviana,presenta características que permitan facilitar la implementación de la EC en el nivel macro referido a las poblaciones. Un análisis de la literatura más relevante en este ámbito genera un compendio de estrategias del cual se analiza su compatibilidad con el proyecto de Vegaviana. Todo ello permite destacar las características del urbanismo de Vegaviana que podrían fomentar la EC. Colonization settlements represent a population model closely linked to its environment and its inhabitants. Vegaviana, built in Extremadura in the 50s by the architect José Luis Fernández del Amo, presents featuresthat would be considered sustainable today. Nowadays this would also encourage the Circular Economy (CE). Therefore, the main objective of this article is to know if the urban design of the Extremaduran colonization settlements, taking Vegaviana as a reference, presents characteristics that allow for a simple implementation the implementation of the CE at the macro level referred to the populations. An analysis of the most relevant literature in this field generates a compendium of strategies from which its compatibility with the Vegaviana project is analyzed. All this makes it possible to highlight the characteristics of the Vegaviana urbanism that could foster EC.