This article traces the historical evolution of mural painting as a medium of cultural expression from prehistoric cave art to contemporary street interventions. Adopting a diachronic and interdisciplinary approach, it investigates how muralism has developed across civilizations in relation to techniques, symbolic systems, social function, and its embeddedness in architectural and urban contexts. The analysis is structured around key historical periods using emblematic case studies to examine the interplay between materiality, iconography, and socio-political meaning. From sacred enclosures and civic monuments to post-industrial walls and digital projections, murals reflect shifting cultural paradigms and spatial dynamics. This study emphasizes how mural painting, once integrated into sacred and imperial architecture, has become a tool for public participation, protests, and urban storytelling. Particular attention is paid to the evolving relationship between wall painting and the spaces it inhabits, highlighting the transition from permanence to ephemerality and from monumentality to immediacy. This article contributes to mural studies by offering a comprehensive framework for understanding the technical and symbolic transformations of the medium while proposing new directions for research in the context of digital urbanism and cultural memory.

The research contextualizes the emergence of viticulture in non-traditional vine regions due to climate change and examines the landscape potential for such development on the sample of Hażlach commune in Poland. The research problem addressed is how areas with specific landscape characteristics favourable to viticulture but not constrained by historical or industrial-scale wine traditions, possess a greater capacity to develop sustainable and identity-driven wine production models. These conditions are particularly conducive to fostering a unique terroir and supporting rural development based on cultural heritage. The methodology employs GIS-based terrain analysis, utilizing slope, exposure, and proximity to water bodies, to identify optimal zones for viticulture. 11% of the commune meets the criteria for site-specific terroir development. The research highlights the potential of small-scale vineyard and oenotourism in Hażlach not only to establish a distinctive wine culture but also to contribute to the restoration of the landscape of small farmstead structures.

Contemporary challenges in the design of public buildings, such as archives, include the integration of some aspects of heritage conservation, quality of the housing environment, and sustainability. Using the example of the new headquarters of the National Archive in Krakow, architectural and technological solutions that can be adapted in residential development are analysed. The analysed building combines modernity with care for the historic urban fabric, improving the quality of life of the residents. The project demonstrates how the harmonious coexistence of public and residential uses can support the aspiration for a sustainable urban environment that combines the needs of residents with the need to protect the cultural landscape.

The research problem addressed is the desired synergy of emergency architecture and features of psychological support buildings. The aim is to develop a functional model of a facility that would combine the features of both concepts for a fuller response to the temporary needs of victims, especially children, taking into account their psychological needs. It was hypothesised that the inclusion of psychological aspects in the emergency architecture can significantly improve the quality of protection for people in an emergency such as war or natural disasters and contribute to a significant reduction in stress and trauma. The multiple case study method and the research by design method were used. Emergency architecture is poorly recognised in the literature. Psychological support facilities, although more widely studied, have not been sufficiently analysed in terms of mobility and temporariness. The conducted comparison between emergency relief centres and healthcare facilities revealed significant functional similarities, such as providing shelter, a sense of safety, and opportunities for social interaction. Research findings point to the need for flexible design that combines material and psychosocial support, which will enable a more effective response to emergencies. In response to the identified research gap, a model Emergency Assistance Centre for the Youngest Victims of War was developed. The results of the research constitute design guidelines for appropriate infrastructure, that can be used in extreme conditions. The developed solutions confirm the possibility of including the features of psychological support buildings into the concept of an emergency relief centre. Of particular importance are ensuring the privacy of users, creating spaces conducive to contacts and integration, ensuring the possibility to experience suffering, providing support, and carrying out elements of therapy in a form and conditions adapted to the current mental and physical condition. It is also important to ensure the privacy of users and the possibility of choosing the form of stay depending on the current mental and physical condition. The integration of emergency architecture with the functions of psychological support buildings not only provides shelter but also supports the adaptation and therapeutic processes of the affected children. This is particularly important in the long term, where the effects of emergency situations can impinge on the entire future lives of the victims, especially children.