With the advancements in Industry 4.0 and the global demand for sustainable energy, power electronics devices are emerging as pivotal components for modern industrial, transportation, and energy delivery. Ensuring the security of these devices is of paramount importance for safeguarding the reliable operation of critical systems against any threats. In recent years, the issue of intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) attack and their related countermeasures have gained widespread attention in both military and civilian power electronics sectors. Here, a review of IEMI in power electronics is provided. Starting from the electromagnetic compatibility standards, the test setups for evaluating the device immunity are introduced. Due to different attack modes and propagation paths, IEMI illuminations are typically categorized into conduction and radiation, where their susceptibility studies, applications, and defence strategies are discussed, respectively. Finally, the existing challenges, ongoing trends, and future topics in this field are discussed.

To alleviate data distribution under different operating conditions, domain generalization (DG) has been applied in mechanical diagnosis. Still, its effectiveness is limited when unknown fault states appear in the target domain. Consequently, open set DG (OSDG) has emerged to identify unknown classes in unknown domains. However, data collection costs and safety concerns have resulted in a significant class imbalance in OSDG. This imbalance causes the decision boundary to be skewed toward abundant positive classes, ultimately leading to misclassifying unknown states and increasing security risks. Currently, there is a lack of methods to simultaneously address domain shift and class shift in an imbalanced unknown domain. To tackle this issue, this article proposes a multisource domain-class gradient coordination meta-learning (MDGCML) framework, which can learn the generalized boundaries of all tasks by coordinating gradients between interdomains and interclasses. Based on the MDGCML, a joint learning paradigm involving the sharing of parameters between open-set classifiers and closed-set classifiers is constructed to enable quick adaption of the model to unknown domains. The superior performance of the proposed framework has been verified on two datasets.

With the evolution of Industry 4.0 and the surge in demand for sustainable energy, power electronics are becoming essential in various applications. Considering the reliability and safety of power electronics devices, studying and addressing the conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues are of paramount importance. Due to the merits of versatility, flexibility, and effectiveness, passive filters containing EMI filtering chokes and capacitors are commonly used. Among them, EMI filtering chokes have been widely investigated in recent years because they account for most of the weight and size of a passive filter and mitigate considerable EMI noises. To the best of our knowledge, this article presents the first review of EMI filtering chokes used in power electronics that specifically focuses on their characterization and circuit modeling. These topics help to evaluate choke performance, optimize choke configuration, and facilitate systematic simulation, ultimately refining filtering design. Starting with an overview, the type, structure, principles, information, and modes of chokes are demonstrated. For choke characterization, various analytical, numerical, and measurement methods are compared. Using the characterized information, their distributed, lumped, and multistage circuit models along with the relevant parameterization process are summarized. Finally, existing challenges, ongoing innovations, and future topics are explored.

Differential-mode and common-mode chokes (DMC and CMC) are key components of electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters. Accurate impedance knowledge of these chokes allows optimal EMI filter design to meet the conducted emission requirements. An impedance analyzer (IA) or vector network analyzer (VNA) with a fixture adapter is commonly adopted for impedance measurement of a passive component. Usually, the non-standard terminals of both DMC and CMC make them incompatible for direct mounting on commercially available fixture adapters. Relying on additional interconnects to the fixture adapters introduce inherent parasitic effects that limit measurement accuracy up to several megahertz. This paper proposes a design method of customized fixture adapters which are specifically tailored for impedance measurement of single-phase DMC and CMC. Through a systematic parasitic de-embedding process, the choke impedance can be extracted with excellent accuracy up to 120 MHz.