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The study of vegetative phenology is important to understand adaptation to different environments and potential trade-offs with growth traits. Crown leaf-out and leaf-fall phenology was evaluated on 168 open-pollinated families from 19 Cedrela odorata provenances in an eleven-year-old provenance/progeny trial established in the state of Veracruz, Eastern coast of Mexico. The objectives were: (a) to evaluate the extent of inter- and intra-population genetic variation of leaf phenology traits; (b) to examine the relationship between leaf phenology traits and climate variables at the population level; (c) to estimate the genetic relationships between leaf phenology and growth traits; and (d) to evaluate the accuracy, in terms of genetic control, of using alternative methods to measure leaf phenology in broadleaf trees. The study revealed significant genetic variation in leaf phenology traits both among and within populations. Leaf-out traits showed higher genetic variation than leaf-fall traits. A moderate to large genetic differentiation among Cedrela odorata populations was found; Qst values for leaf-out were 2–6 times higher than those for leaf-fall. Leaf-fall was primarily associated with mean annual temperature, while leaf-out and length of the leafless period were related to annual precipitation and the aridity index of the site of origin. Leaf phenology traits showed moderate to high genetic control (h2i = 0.12–0.67; h2f = 0.27–0.72). However, it was higher for leaf-out traits, so they might play a more important adaptive role. Genetic correlations between leaf phenology and growth traits allow selecting early flushing genotypes within populations to increase adaptation and growth, but caution should be taken when selecting among populations.
Edgar Hernández-Máximo; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Javier López-Upton; Vicente Sánchez-Monsalvo. Structure of genetic variation in vegetative phenology of Cedrela odorata L.: implications for tree breeding. New Forests 2021, 1 -23.
AMA StyleEdgar Hernández-Máximo, J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández, Javier López-Upton, Vicente Sánchez-Monsalvo. Structure of genetic variation in vegetative phenology of Cedrela odorata L.: implications for tree breeding. New Forests. 2021; ():1-23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdgar Hernández-Máximo; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Javier López-Upton; Vicente Sánchez-Monsalvo. 2021. "Structure of genetic variation in vegetative phenology of Cedrela odorata L.: implications for tree breeding." New Forests , no. : 1-23.
The ongoing global warming tends to reduce Larix decidua radial growth and ring wood density at the bottom of an elevational gradient in the French Alps, while it has a less marked effect at the top. The ongoing climate warming affects most tree species across their biogeographic distribution range. The bottom and the top of an elevational gradient are appropriate environments to observe the effect of climate warming in contrasted temperature conditions. To retrospectively study the effect of the ongoing climate warming on Larix decidua trees located in warm and cold conditions, i.e., at the bottom (1200 m) and the top (2300 m) of an elevational gradient, respectively. Dendroecological analysis of two groups of Larix decidua trees located at very low (1200 m) and very high (2300 m) elevations. Construction of climatic response curves for annual ring variables. Decomposition of the variance of the response models into their high and low frequency components. At Briançon, in the French Alps, the increase of the daily maximum temperature during the last 50 years is already almost 3 °C for the March–October period. The results reveal contrasted behaviors at both ends of the investigated elevational gradient. Basal area increment, ring width, and their earlywood and latewood components increase or level off at the top of the gradient, while they all strongly decrease at the bottom. At the bottom, the low frequency warming effect explains the recent ring width decrease, with no influence of the high frequency temperature variation. At the top, both the low frequency warming effect and the high frequency temperature effect explain each about half of the ring width variation encompassed by the model. Latewood density displays the same trend as ring width, while earlywood density decreases at both ends of the gradient. Such opposed trends of the radial growth time trends between the top (2300 m) and the bottom (1200 m) of the gradient reflects the respectively favorable and unfavorable effects of climate warming at such ends of this Larix decidua elevational gradient. We propose that the strong ring width decrease observed at the warmer bottom announces a coming dieback. The corresponding wood density decrease will affect wood hydraulic properties in a way that is unclear.
Philippe Rozenberg; Thibaud Chauvin; Margarita Escobar-Sandoval; Frédéric Huard; Vladimir Shishov; Jean-Paul Charpentier; Anne-Sophie Sergent; J. Jesus Vargas-Hernandez; Alejandro Martinez-Meier; Luc Pâques. Climate warming differently affects Larix decidua ring formation at each end of a French Alps elevational gradient. Annals of Forest Science 2020, 77, 1 -20.
AMA StylePhilippe Rozenberg, Thibaud Chauvin, Margarita Escobar-Sandoval, Frédéric Huard, Vladimir Shishov, Jean-Paul Charpentier, Anne-Sophie Sergent, J. Jesus Vargas-Hernandez, Alejandro Martinez-Meier, Luc Pâques. Climate warming differently affects Larix decidua ring formation at each end of a French Alps elevational gradient. Annals of Forest Science. 2020; 77 (2):1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StylePhilippe Rozenberg; Thibaud Chauvin; Margarita Escobar-Sandoval; Frédéric Huard; Vladimir Shishov; Jean-Paul Charpentier; Anne-Sophie Sergent; J. Jesus Vargas-Hernandez; Alejandro Martinez-Meier; Luc Pâques. 2020. "Climate warming differently affects Larix decidua ring formation at each end of a French Alps elevational gradient." Annals of Forest Science 77, no. 2: 1-20.
Pinus pseudostrobus var. oaxacana es un taxon importante en Oaxaca por la calidad de su madera; aunque, también es preferida para la reforestación y plantaciones, pero se desconoce su capacidad para la producción de semilla. Los objetivos de la presente investigación consistieron en evaluar la variación morfológica, conocer las características reproductivas de conos y semillas y su relación con factores ambientales de árboles semilleros de la especie de interés seleccionados en cinco procedencias del estado. Durante noviembre y diciembre de 2017, se recolectaron 1 058 conos de 42 individuos a los que se les midieron variables morfológicas, y determinaron la eficiencia reproductiva e índice de endogamia; los árboles y procedencias se diferenciaron mediante análisis de varianza y pruebas de medias de Duncan. Las características reproductivas se correlacionaron con variables ambientales (sitios de recolecta) y dasométricas de los progenitores. Los datos registrados fueron 51.7±8.0 años de edad, altura de 36.4±4.6 m y diámetro normal de 54.5±8.2 cm. Los valores medios obtenidos por cono fueron: longitud 101.3 mm, diámetro 56 mm, peso seco 97.9 g, 133 escamas, 107 semillas desarrolladas por cono; las semillas desarrolladas por cono pesaron 2.35 g, peso promedio por semilla 0.021 g; eficiencia reproductiva 13.09 mg por gramo de estróbilo; IE = 0.50 (índice de endogamia), que indica un alto nivel de autofecundación; el IE decrece con la altitud y aumenta con la cantidad de recolecta. De las características evaluadas, la eficiencia reproductiva e IE no mostraron diferencias significativas entre poblaciones.
Rey David Aragón-Peralta; Gerardo Rodríguez-Ortiz; José Jesús Vargas-Hernández; José Raymundo Enríquez-Del Valle; Adan Hernández-Hernández; Gisela Virginia Campos-Angeles. Selección fenotípica y características reproductivas de Pinus pseudostrobus var. oaxacana (Mirov) S.G.Harrison. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales 2020, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleRey David Aragón-Peralta, Gerardo Rodríguez-Ortiz, José Jesús Vargas-Hernández, José Raymundo Enríquez-Del Valle, Adan Hernández-Hernández, Gisela Virginia Campos-Angeles. Selección fenotípica y características reproductivas de Pinus pseudostrobus var. oaxacana (Mirov) S.G.Harrison. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales. 2020; 11 (59):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRey David Aragón-Peralta; Gerardo Rodríguez-Ortiz; José Jesús Vargas-Hernández; José Raymundo Enríquez-Del Valle; Adan Hernández-Hernández; Gisela Virginia Campos-Angeles. 2020. "Selección fenotípica y características reproductivas de Pinus pseudostrobus var. oaxacana (Mirov) S.G.Harrison." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales 11, no. 59: 1.
Ongoing climate variability strongly affects high-elevation forests, influencing the wood formation process (e.g., xylogenesis). Furthermore, spatio-temporal studies to establish links of wood properties and tree performance are needed. Using linear mixed-effects models, empirical cumulative distribution functions, and spatial analysis, we explore time trends and space connections of wood density of Pinus hartwegii Lindl. to remotely sensed variables (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer MODIS-derived) in two high-elevation forests in México, Tláloc (TLA) and Jocotitlán (JOC) Mountains. Results indicated that elevation and cambial age effects are important factors explaining wood density variation. Minimum earlywood—MID, average—AVE, and maximum latewood density—MXD were statistically similar between mountains (p > 0.05), but TLA showed a significant increase in MID over time with higher values after 1950. Wood density values and spatial correlations were site-dependent with TLA exhibiting the highest correlations between MXD and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the spring season (r = 0.59, p < 0.05). Overall, correlations to remotely sensed information were positive with MXD, negative for MID and divergent for AVE. Historical temperature defines MID along the elevation gradient, while MXD was related to soil moisture only at low-elevation sites where soils are deeper. We found that two high-elevation forests, 115 km away from each other, with similar climate, soil, and vegetation, behaved differently regarding their xylogenesis, indicating the potential of using the link between wood micro-density and remotely sensed information to understand forest response to climate change effects.
A. Correa-Díaz; A. Gómez-Guerrero; J. J. Vargas-Hernández; P. Rozenberg; W. R. Horwath. Long-Term Wood Micro-Density Variation in Alpine Forests at Central México and Their Spatial Links with Remotely Sensed Information. Forests 2020, 11, 452 .
AMA StyleA. Correa-Díaz, A. Gómez-Guerrero, J. J. Vargas-Hernández, P. Rozenberg, W. R. Horwath. Long-Term Wood Micro-Density Variation in Alpine Forests at Central México and Their Spatial Links with Remotely Sensed Information. Forests. 2020; 11 (4):452.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Correa-Díaz; A. Gómez-Guerrero; J. J. Vargas-Hernández; P. Rozenberg; W. R. Horwath. 2020. "Long-Term Wood Micro-Density Variation in Alpine Forests at Central México and Their Spatial Links with Remotely Sensed Information." Forests 11, no. 4: 452.
An interdisciplinary approach is needed for understanding tree physiology and forest biogeochemical cycles undergoing climate change and rising atmospheric CO2. We combined tree‐ring time series, wood isotope signatures, remotely sensed variables and climatic data to perform a spatio‐temporal scaling analysis of tree physiology and high‐elevation forest responses to rising CO2. The main question addressed is how tree physiological performance of dominant trees can be combined with satellite‐derived information of stand‐level productivity to understand how the landscape shapes the relationship between forest structure and function. Annually resolved tree‐ring carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios (δ13C, δ18O), carbon isotope discrimination from CO2 to wood (Δ13C), and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) of dominant Pinus hartwegii Lindl. trees were sampled and compared against stand‐level normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series from 2000 to 2016. Linear mixed‐effects models tested the effects of elevation, aspect, and time. Carbon and oxygen isotope ratios were correlated with NDVI mainly for the previous fall‐winter season and for the beginning of the growing season. Wood δ13C decreased over time regardless of spatial position, whereas wood δ18O varied as a function of altitude and time. Although Δ13C did not vary with elevation, aspect or time, a notable decline in Δ13C and peak in iWUE during a severe drought event was evident. Results highlight the link between remotely sensed data, tree‐ring isotopic composition and tree physiology as the determining factors to determine spatio‐temporal variability in dendroecological studies.
A. Correa‐Díaz; L. C. R. Silva; W. R. Horwath; A. Gómez‐Guerrero; J. Vargas-Hernández; J. Villanueva‐Díaz; J. Suárez‐Espinoza; A. Velázquez‐Martínez. From Trees to Ecosystems: Spatiotemporal Scaling of Climatic Impacts on Montane Landscapes Using Dendrochronological, Isotopic, and Remotely Sensed Data. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2020, 34, 1 .
AMA StyleA. Correa‐Díaz, L. C. R. Silva, W. R. Horwath, A. Gómez‐Guerrero, J. Vargas-Hernández, J. Villanueva‐Díaz, J. Suárez‐Espinoza, A. Velázquez‐Martínez. From Trees to Ecosystems: Spatiotemporal Scaling of Climatic Impacts on Montane Landscapes Using Dendrochronological, Isotopic, and Remotely Sensed Data. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 2020; 34 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Correa‐Díaz; L. C. R. Silva; W. R. Horwath; A. Gómez‐Guerrero; J. Vargas-Hernández; J. Villanueva‐Díaz; J. Suárez‐Espinoza; A. Velázquez‐Martínez. 2020. "From Trees to Ecosystems: Spatiotemporal Scaling of Climatic Impacts on Montane Landscapes Using Dendrochronological, Isotopic, and Remotely Sensed Data." Global Biogeochemical Cycles 34, no. 3: 1.
Geographical distribution of forest species is closely regulated by environmental conditions, particularly temperature and precipitation. Climate change predicted by general circulation models is expected to modify the distribution of many species’ distribution, especially those adapted to extreme environmental conditions, leading to large-scale migrations or local extinctions. The aim of this research was to determine the potential impact of climatic change on Pinus hartwegii geographic distribution and the niche breadth of its populations. Ecological niche models were used by generated with four different algorithms based on 19 bioclimatic variables in addition to altitude. Climatic niche breadth was delimited by the dispersion of species occurrence records within the intervals of the bioclimatic variables. We modelled future distribution based on three general circulation models, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, CCSM4 and HadGEM2-ES, using two representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6 and 8.5, for two-time horizons 2050 and 2070. Niche breadth analysis showed narrow ranges of suitability, indicating a strong relationship between the presence of P. hartwegii with the temperature of the warmest quarter and precipitation of the coldest quarter. In addition, the suitability area of P. hartwegii is predicted to be reduced up to 70% by 2070; the populations of the extreme northern and southern latitudes will be reduced in greater proportion than those of central Mexico. This suggest that environmental suitability area of P. hartwegii are reduced by the effect of the increase in environmental temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor extreme populations of this species in the long term in order to establish efficient conservation strategies and well adaptive management facing climate change.
Farid Uriel Alfaro-Ramírez; Jorge Enrique Ramírez-Albores; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Sergio Franco-Maass; Marlín Pérez-Suárez. Potential reduction of Hartweg´s Pine (Pinus hartwegii Lindl.) geographic distribution. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0229178 .
AMA StyleFarid Uriel Alfaro-Ramírez, Jorge Enrique Ramírez-Albores, J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández, Sergio Franco-Maass, Marlín Pérez-Suárez. Potential reduction of Hartweg´s Pine (Pinus hartwegii Lindl.) geographic distribution. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (2):e0229178.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarid Uriel Alfaro-Ramírez; Jorge Enrique Ramírez-Albores; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Sergio Franco-Maass; Marlín Pérez-Suárez. 2020. "Potential reduction of Hartweg´s Pine (Pinus hartwegii Lindl.) geographic distribution." PLOS ONE 15, no. 2: e0229178.
Jatropha seed is a biomass suitable for bioenergy production that can be produced by smallholders, even on marginal lands. However, the current oilseed production is too low to meet the needs of the planned renewable electricity system in the Galapagos Islands. Pruning and fertilization are management options that can be used to increase the dry seed yields. The effects of both treatments were tested in a split-plot design with jatropha trees, which were monitored during a three-year production period. The average seed production was 643±58 kg ha-1 year-1 in the unpruned trees and 696±50 kg ha-1 year-1 in the pruned trees. Although this difference is small, it is expected to increase over time. The pruned trees developed more slowly than the unpruned trees but showed higher (and still increasing) yields at the end of the three-year test period, while the unpruned trees appeared to have reached their maximum production by the second year of the trial. The low fertilizer doses approved by the smallholders did not have a significant impact on the dry seed yield, and the management options that show benefits in the long term are generally not accepted or adopted by them. Cost-effective nutrient enhancement should be investigated, such as inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Álvaro Cañadas-López; Diana Rade-Loor; Marianna Siegmund-Schultze; Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Christian Wehenkel. Pruning and fertilization effects on Jatropha yields under smallholder’s conditions in a Tropical Dry Forest from Ecuador. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 2020, 73, 9089 -9097.
AMA StyleÁlvaro Cañadas-López, Diana Rade-Loor, Marianna Siegmund-Schultze, Jesús Vargas-Hernández, Christian Wehenkel. Pruning and fertilization effects on Jatropha yields under smallholder’s conditions in a Tropical Dry Forest from Ecuador. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín. 2020; 73 (1):9089-9097.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁlvaro Cañadas-López; Diana Rade-Loor; Marianna Siegmund-Schultze; Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Christian Wehenkel. 2020. "Pruning and fertilization effects on Jatropha yields under smallholder’s conditions in a Tropical Dry Forest from Ecuador." Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 73, no. 1: 9089-9097.
Balsa trees are native to neotropical forests and frequently grow on fallow, degraded land. Balsa can be used for economic and ecological rehabilitation of farmland with the aim of restoring native forest ecosystems. Although Ecuador is the world’s largest producer of balsa, there is a lack of knowledge about production indicators for management of balsa stands in the country. The aim of this study was to develop growth and yield models (i.e., site index (SI) curves and stem volume models) for balsa plantations in the coastal lowlands of Ecuador. Balsa trees growing in 2161 plots in seven provinces were sampled. Here we present the first growth and yield models for the native, although underutilized, balsa tree. Three curve models were fitted to determine SI for balsa stands, differentiating five site quality classes. Eight volume models were compared to identify the best fit model for balsa stands. The mean annual increment was used to assess balsa production. The generalized algebraic difference approach (GADA) equation yielded one of the best results for the height–age and diameter–age models. The Newnham model was the best volume model for balsa in this comparative study. The maximum annual increment (i.e., for the best stand index) was reached in the second year of plantation. The fitted models can be used to support management decisions regarding balsa plantations. However, the models are preliminary and must be validated with independent samples. Nevertheless, the very fast development of the native balsa tree is particularly promising and should attract more attention from forest owners and politicians.
Álvaro Cañadas-López; Diana Rade-Loor; Marianna Siegmund-Schultze; Geovanny Moreira-Muñoz; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Christian Wehenkel. Growth and Yield Models for Balsa Wood Plantations in the Coastal Lowlands of Ecuador. Forests 2019, 10, 733 .
AMA StyleÁlvaro Cañadas-López, Diana Rade-Loor, Marianna Siegmund-Schultze, Geovanny Moreira-Muñoz, J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández, Christian Wehenkel. Growth and Yield Models for Balsa Wood Plantations in the Coastal Lowlands of Ecuador. Forests. 2019; 10 (9):733.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁlvaro Cañadas-López; Diana Rade-Loor; Marianna Siegmund-Schultze; Geovanny Moreira-Muñoz; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Christian Wehenkel. 2019. "Growth and Yield Models for Balsa Wood Plantations in the Coastal Lowlands of Ecuador." Forests 10, no. 9: 733.
Genetic variation in reproductive phenology among clones in a seed orchard affects the genetic efficiency of the orchard. Our objective was to evaluate genetic variation in reproductive phenology of Pinus patula clones in a seed orchard and the amount of overlap with pollen dispersal in natural stands. In 2014 and 2015, phenology of female and male strobili was recorded on 31 clones in the orchard, and phenology of male strobili was measured on 10 trees in each of four nearby natural stands along an elevational transect. Onset and end dates, and length of female receptivity (F_onset, F_end and F_length) and pollen dispersal (M_onset, M_end and M_length) were calculated, and genetic parameters were estimated. Differences between years in M_onset were larger in the natural stands than in the orchard, but there was a large overlap between the orchard and natural stands. A negative linear relationship with elevation was found for M_end and M_length in natural stands along the elevation transect. Genetic variation was detected for most reproductive phenology traits in the orchard. Genetic control was stronger for M_onset and M_length (\(H_{c}^{2}\) ≥ 0.54) than for female receptivity traits (\(H_{c}^{2}\) ≤ 0.38). Most phenological traits showed high genetic stability in both years (rB ≥ 0.76). We found a positive genetic correlation (r = 0.67) between F_onset and M_onset, suggesting there is a risk of selfing among clonal ramets. Moreover, the overlap between female receptivity in the orchard and pollen dispersal in neighboring natural stands indicates a risk of genetic contamination in the orchard, particularly for late-phenology clones.
Liliana Muñoz-Gutiérrez; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Javier López-Upton; Carlos Ramírez-Herrera; Marcos Jiménez-Casas; Arnulfo Aldrete. Variation in reproductive phenology in a Pinus patula seed orchard and risk of genetic contamination from nearby natural stands. New Forests 2019, 50, 1027 -1041.
AMA StyleLiliana Muñoz-Gutiérrez, J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández, Javier López-Upton, Carlos Ramírez-Herrera, Marcos Jiménez-Casas, Arnulfo Aldrete. Variation in reproductive phenology in a Pinus patula seed orchard and risk of genetic contamination from nearby natural stands. New Forests. 2019; 50 (6):1027-1041.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiliana Muñoz-Gutiérrez; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Javier López-Upton; Carlos Ramírez-Herrera; Marcos Jiménez-Casas; Arnulfo Aldrete. 2019. "Variation in reproductive phenology in a Pinus patula seed orchard and risk of genetic contamination from nearby natural stands." New Forests 50, no. 6: 1027-1041.
It is well known that tree growth is strongly affected by climate at high‐elevations, but it is still unclear how climate variability influences the distribution of montane forest ecosystems, particularly tree‐line species. To advance knowledge in this field, we combined temporal (tree‐ring measurements) and spatial data (remotely‐sensed variables), to quantify how forests responded to climatic variability across altitudinal gradients in Central Mexico. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), tree‐ring chronologies and site‐level climatic data were used in a vegetation trend analysis of greenness and browning, and to reconstruct canopy vigor for the last century. Although a common ring‐width chronology was developed, we found significant site‐dependent forest growth response, where young trees (<100 years) exhibited heterogeneous growth trends, without an altitudinal pattern. However, mature trees (100‐200 years) showed a common growth decline during the mid‐20th century, regardless of their altitude. Annual maximum NDVI anomalies did not show a general greening effect at high‐elevations. The forest showed both, greening and browning zones denoting spatial variability in tree vigor. Furthermore, temperature from the previous year had a positive effect on both NDVI and ring‐width index (RWI), but negative at beginning of the growing season. The significant relationship between winter‐spring NDVI (December to March) and RWI (r=0.64, p<0.05), was useful to reconstruct the canopy vigor for the last 151 years. Thus, the greening effect derived from NDVI should be carefully interpreted as a direct forest growth increase. These results highlight the potential of integrating remotely‐sensed and dendrochronological methods to improve predictions of forest ecosystem responses.
A. Correa-Díaz; L. C. R. Silva; W. R. Horwath; A. Gómez-Guerrero; J. Vargas-Hernández; J. Villanueva-Díaz; A. Velázquez-Martínez; J. Suárez-Espinoza. Linking Remote Sensing and Dendrochronology to Quantify Climate‐Induced Shifts in High‐Elevation Forests Over Space and Time. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 2019, 124, 166 -183.
AMA StyleA. Correa-Díaz, L. C. R. Silva, W. R. Horwath, A. Gómez-Guerrero, J. Vargas-Hernández, J. Villanueva-Díaz, A. Velázquez-Martínez, J. Suárez-Espinoza. Linking Remote Sensing and Dendrochronology to Quantify Climate‐Induced Shifts in High‐Elevation Forests Over Space and Time. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 2019; 124 (1):166-183.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Correa-Díaz; L. C. R. Silva; W. R. Horwath; A. Gómez-Guerrero; J. Vargas-Hernández; J. Villanueva-Díaz; A. Velázquez-Martínez; J. Suárez-Espinoza. 2019. "Linking Remote Sensing and Dendrochronology to Quantify Climate‐Induced Shifts in High‐Elevation Forests Over Space and Time." Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 124, no. 1: 166-183.
Jatropha is promoted as a pro-poor bioenergy plant, while basic information about its productivity, age of maximum production, and oil content are missing. This study aims to determine the seed yield (dry weight) for three INIAP elite jatropha accessions, and to evaluate the changes in physical and chemical seed traits at the different fruit ripening stage in a split-plot design. Maximum seed production occurred four years after planting for the accessions CP041 and CP052, while for accession CP054, it occurred after the first year. CP041 was the most productive, with a mean of 316.46 g tree−1 year−1 (±76.50) over the 8-year study period. No significant differences in oil content were found among accessions, fruit ripening stage, and their respective interactions. Seed moisture content decreased drastically as the fruit ripening stage increased, from 40.5% ± 1.0% at fruit ripening stage 1 (greenish-yellow) down to 13.8% ± 0.4% at fruit ripening stage 4 (black-brown). No significant differences in seed weight were found among accessions, but it decreased as maturation progressed. Yellow fruits (stage 2) were the heaviest (62.4 g ± 1.5 g) and the black-brown fruits the lightest (44.3 g ± 1.9 g). The oil content (%) increased with seed weight up to the point of 58.3 g, but then decreased for heavier seeds.
Álvaro Cañadas-López; Diana Yasbhet Rade-Loor; Marianna Siegmund-Schultze; Marys Beatriz Iriarte Vera; Juan Manuel Domínguez-Andrade; Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Christian Wehenkel. Productivity and Oil Content in Relation to Jatropha Fruit Ripening under Tropical Dry-Forest Conditions. Forests 2018, 9, 611 .
AMA StyleÁlvaro Cañadas-López, Diana Yasbhet Rade-Loor, Marianna Siegmund-Schultze, Marys Beatriz Iriarte Vera, Juan Manuel Domínguez-Andrade, Jesús Vargas-Hernández, Christian Wehenkel. Productivity and Oil Content in Relation to Jatropha Fruit Ripening under Tropical Dry-Forest Conditions. Forests. 2018; 9 (10):611.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁlvaro Cañadas-López; Diana Yasbhet Rade-Loor; Marianna Siegmund-Schultze; Marys Beatriz Iriarte Vera; Juan Manuel Domínguez-Andrade; Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Christian Wehenkel. 2018. "Productivity and Oil Content in Relation to Jatropha Fruit Ripening under Tropical Dry-Forest Conditions." Forests 9, no. 10: 611.
La determinación de parámetros genéticos en características de valor económico relacionadas con la productividad y calidad de la madera es importante para definir la estrategia más adecuada de mejora genética en especies forestales. En este trabajo se estimó la heredabilidad y las correlaciones genéticas y fenotípicas de características asociadas con la calidad de la madera (densidad de la madera, longitud de traqueidas), el crecimiento (altura total, diámetro normal y volumen del tronco) y la ramificación (número, diámetro y ángulo de ramas, y número de verticilos) en progenies de Pinus patula de ocho años de edad, obtenidas de polinización libre. Se encontró una variabilidad genética amplia en la mayoría de las características, pero el control genético fue de bajo a moderado en ellas (≤ 0.10 h2i ≤ 0.25), excepto para longitud de traqueidas y numero de ramas, en las que no se encontró una variación genética significativa (P > 0.05). La estructura de correlaciones mostró una relación favorable en la mayoría de las características, con correlaciones genéticas que variaron de -0.23 a 0.98 y fenotípicas de 0.02 a 0.93. Los resultados muestran que es posible utilizar algunas características como criterios de selección de manera independiente o combinada para aumentar el crecimiento y calidad de la madera sin ocasionar efectos colaterales negativos en las otras características de importancia económica.
Margarita Concepción Escobar-Sandoval; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Javier López-Upton; Saúl Espinosa-Zaragoza; Amparo Borja-De La Rosa. Parámetros genéticos de calidad de madera, crecimiento y ramificación en Pinus patula. Madera y Bosques 2018, 24, 1 .
AMA StyleMargarita Concepción Escobar-Sandoval, J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández, Javier López-Upton, Saúl Espinosa-Zaragoza, Amparo Borja-De La Rosa. Parámetros genéticos de calidad de madera, crecimiento y ramificación en Pinus patula. Madera y Bosques. 2018; 24 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargarita Concepción Escobar-Sandoval; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Javier López-Upton; Saúl Espinosa-Zaragoza; Amparo Borja-De La Rosa. 2018. "Parámetros genéticos de calidad de madera, crecimiento y ramificación en Pinus patula." Madera y Bosques 24, no. 2: 1.
Teak plantations cover a total area of about 4.35 million ha worldwide. The species is currently being planted in silvopastoral systems in the coastal lowlands of Ecuador. However, there are no growth and yield models for teak grown in silvopastoral systems, especially as living fences, in this region. The aim of the present study was to develop volume and yield models for teak grown as living fences in silvopastoral systems. For teak planted as living fences, the biological rotation age was estimated to vary between 15 and 26 years. The final yield in the silvopastoral system varied from 49 m3 ha−1 at 26 years in the least productive sites to 225 m3 ha−1 at 15 years in the most productive sites in the study area. The mean annual yield for the highest quality site was 15.3 m3 ha−1 year−1 at age 15 years, for a density of 160 trees ha−1. For a base age of 10 years, height-based site indexes of nine to 23 m were established. The growth and yield model obtained may be useful to define the biological (optimal) rotation age and estimate the productivity of teak living fences in the coastal lowlands of Ecuador.
Álvaro Cañadas-L; Joffre Andrade-Candell; Juan Manuel Domínguez-A; Carlos Molina-H; Odilón Schnabel-D; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Christian Wehenkel. Growth and Yield Models for Teak Planted as Living Fences in Coastal Ecuador. Forests 2018, 9, 55 .
AMA StyleÁlvaro Cañadas-L, Joffre Andrade-Candell, Juan Manuel Domínguez-A, Carlos Molina-H, Odilón Schnabel-D, J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández, Christian Wehenkel. Growth and Yield Models for Teak Planted as Living Fences in Coastal Ecuador. Forests. 2018; 9 (2):55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁlvaro Cañadas-L; Joffre Andrade-Candell; Juan Manuel Domínguez-A; Carlos Molina-H; Odilón Schnabel-D; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Christian Wehenkel. 2018. "Growth and Yield Models for Teak Planted as Living Fences in Coastal Ecuador." Forests 9, no. 2: 55.
La ramificación de los árboles tiene un impacto económico importante en las plantaciones forestales, ya que afecta la calidad de la madera. La posibilidad de incorporar estas características en un programa de mejora genética depende de su heredabilidad y estructura genética con la productividad de los árboles. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la repetibilidad de los parámetros genéticos de las características de ramificación en progenies de Pinus patula a 7 años y 10 años de edad, así como su relación genética con la tasa de crecimiento de los árboles. Las características de ramificación (número de verticilos, número, diámetro y ángulo de ramas, y presencia de defectos en la ramificación) y crecimiento (altura, diámetro y volumen del tronco) se evaluaron en 84 familias de polinización libre. Con estos datos se estimó la heredabilidad y las correlaciones genéticas, fenotípicas y edad-edad de las características. El control genético de las características de ramificación varío de nulo a moderado (0.00 ≤ h2i ≤ 0.23; 0.00 ≤ h2f ≤ 0.42), pero fue estable en las dos edades. Las características de ramificación con variación genética mostraron una estructura genética favorable con las de crecimiento. El número de verticilos y el diámetro de ramas ajustado tuvieron una correlación negativa (-0.60 ≤ rg ≤ -0.01), y el ángulo de ramas una correlación positiva (0.14 ≤ rg ≤ 0.47), con el crecimiento de los árboles. La repetibilidad de la estructura genética de las características de ramificación y crecimiento de los árboles fue alta, en términos de las correlaciones edad-edad (0.58 ≤ rg ≤ 0.94; 0.83 ≤ rpf ≤ 1.00) y del coeficiente de correlación entre las matrices de correlaciones genéticas y fenotípicas en las dos edades (r ≥ 0.86). La selección individual o familial para aumentar la productividad en esta población causaría mejoras en la ramificación (menor número de verticilos y ramas más delgadas, con ángulo mayor) y, por lo tanto, en la calidad de la madera.
César Virgilio Bustillos-Aguirre; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Javier López-Upton; Gustavo Ramírez-Valverde. Repetibilidad de parámetros genéticos de las características de ramificación en progenies de Pinus patula. Madera y Bosques 2017, 24, 1 .
AMA StyleCésar Virgilio Bustillos-Aguirre, J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández, Javier López-Upton, Gustavo Ramírez-Valverde. Repetibilidad de parámetros genéticos de las características de ramificación en progenies de Pinus patula. Madera y Bosques. 2017; 24 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCésar Virgilio Bustillos-Aguirre; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Javier López-Upton; Gustavo Ramírez-Valverde. 2017. "Repetibilidad de parámetros genéticos de las características de ramificación en progenies de Pinus patula." Madera y Bosques 24, no. 1: 1.
The Ecuadorian Government has, since the end of 2011, promoted an initiative for using pure jatropha oil, derived from the seeds of Jatropha curcas L., to generate electricity to supply Floreana Island (one of the Galapagos Islands). In the present study, nine elite accessions of J. curcas from tropical dry forests in Ecuador were cultivated for the purpose of evaluating seed production in relation to the propagation method used (seed, cutting). A split-plot design with three replicates was applied. Seed production, measured over a period of 7 years (2009–2015) showed a large year-to-year variation. However, seed production varied significantly among accessions and depended on the propagation method (seeds or cuttings). Propagation by stem cuttings stabilized the variability in the vegetative and seed production components measured, increasing the strength of their relationships with seed yield. The three highest yielding accessions produced 0.28–0.30 kg of seeds tree−1 year−1. As seed yield was not correlated with annual precipitation, the year-to-year variation in production of accessions indicates the effect of other factors not considered here, such as agronomic practices. The study findings suggest that agroforestry practices could be developed that would enable J. curcas to play a predominant role in a strategy for tropical dry forests aimed at reducing poverty (also known as pro-poor growth strategy).
Álvaro Cañadas-López; Diana Rade-Loor; Juan Manuel Domínguez-Andrade; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Carlos Molina-Hidrovo; Carlos Macías-Loor; Christian Wehenkel. Variation in seed production of Jatropha curcas L. accessions under tropical dry forest conditions in Ecuador. New Forests 2017, 48, 785 -799.
AMA StyleÁlvaro Cañadas-López, Diana Rade-Loor, Juan Manuel Domínguez-Andrade, J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández, Carlos Molina-Hidrovo, Carlos Macías-Loor, Christian Wehenkel. Variation in seed production of Jatropha curcas L. accessions under tropical dry forest conditions in Ecuador. New Forests. 2017; 48 (6):785-799.
Chicago/Turabian StyleÁlvaro Cañadas-López; Diana Rade-Loor; Juan Manuel Domínguez-Andrade; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Carlos Molina-Hidrovo; Carlos Macías-Loor; Christian Wehenkel. 2017. "Variation in seed production of Jatropha curcas L. accessions under tropical dry forest conditions in Ecuador." New Forests 48, no. 6: 785-799.
Introducción: Las plantas deben someterse a un proceso de endurecimiento en el vivero para mejorar la supervivencia de las plantaciones forestales en áreas degradadas. Objetivo: El efecto de tres niveles de riego se evaluó en la etapa de endurecimiento sobre algunas variables morfológicas y fisiológicas de Pinus oaxacana. Materiales y métodos: Los tratamientos evaluados fueron tres niveles de riego más un testigo. El riego se realizó cuando los tubetes reducían su peso de saturación 30 % (frecuente), 40 a 45 % (medio) y 45 a 50 % (escaso); en el testigo, el riego se aplicó cada dos o tres días. El experimento se estableció en un diseño de bloques completos al azar; cada tratamiento constó de 100 plantas. Resultados y discusión: Los indicadores morfológicos con diferencias significativas (P ≤ 0.05) entre tratamientos fueron diámetro del cuello de la raíz, peso seco de vástago y peso seco total. Los indicadores fisiológicos mediante la prueba de potencial de crecimiento de raíz no presentaron diferencias significativas. Las plantas con riego frecuente obtuvieron el mayor diámetro, peso seco del vástago y peso seco total. Conclusiones: Una reducción del riego entre 30 a 45 % en P. oaxacana permite la producción de plantas endurecidas, con mayor posibilidad de éxito al momento de su trasplante en campo.
María L. Ávila-Angulo; Arnulfo Aldrete; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Armando Gómez-Guerrero; Víctor A. González-Hernández; Alejandro Velázquez-Martínez. Hardening of Pinus oaxacana Mirov seedlings under irrigation management in nursery. Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente 2017, 23, 221 -229.
AMA StyleMaría L. Ávila-Angulo, Arnulfo Aldrete, J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández, Armando Gómez-Guerrero, Víctor A. González-Hernández, Alejandro Velázquez-Martínez. Hardening of Pinus oaxacana Mirov seedlings under irrigation management in nursery. Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente. 2017; 23 (2):221-229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría L. Ávila-Angulo; Arnulfo Aldrete; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Armando Gómez-Guerrero; Víctor A. González-Hernández; Alejandro Velázquez-Martínez. 2017. "Hardening of Pinus oaxacana Mirov seedlings under irrigation management in nursery." Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente 23, no. 2: 221-229.
RESUMENLa valoración económica en el ámbito de los servicios ambientales asociados a recursos naturales incluye, en general, dos grandes rubros: valoración con mercado y valoración sin mercado. La primera, como su nombre lo indica, utiliza información que se genera en el proceso de intercambios del bien o servicio valorado; la segunda presenta una gama de dificultades derivadas de la ausencia de información. El presente documento contiene un esfuerzo de valoración económica del cedro rojo (Cedrela odorata L.) en México. En una primera aproximación se aplicó el método de precios de mercado para determinar el valor monetario de su principal uso (maderable), considerando el volumen de madera de la especie existente en los bosques naturales, con base en información generada a partir de las bases de datos del inventario nacional forestal. El valor maderable estimado asciende a la cantidad de $5279267931 pesos. De las tres regiones consideradas en este valor, la región Golfo de México es la de mayor representación.
José Luis Romo-Lozano; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Javier López-Upton; María Luisa Avila Angulo. Estimación del valor financiero de las existencias maderables de cedro rojo (Cedrela odorata L.) en México. Madera y Bosques 2017, 23, 1 .
AMA StyleJosé Luis Romo-Lozano, J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández, Javier López-Upton, María Luisa Avila Angulo. Estimación del valor financiero de las existencias maderables de cedro rojo (Cedrela odorata L.) en México. Madera y Bosques. 2017; 23 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Luis Romo-Lozano; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Javier López-Upton; María Luisa Avila Angulo. 2017. "Estimación del valor financiero de las existencias maderables de cedro rojo (Cedrela odorata L.) en México." Madera y Bosques 23, no. 1: 1.
Liliana Muñoz-Gutiérrez; J Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Javier López-Upton; Carlos Ramírez-Herrera; Marcos Jímenez-Casas; Arnulfo Aldrete; Ramón Díaz-Ruíz. Variación espacial y temporal en la dispersión de polen en un huerto semillero y en rodales naturales cercanos de Pinus patula. Bosque (Valdivia) 2017, 38, 169 -181.
AMA StyleLiliana Muñoz-Gutiérrez, J Jesús Vargas-Hernández, Javier López-Upton, Carlos Ramírez-Herrera, Marcos Jímenez-Casas, Arnulfo Aldrete, Ramón Díaz-Ruíz. Variación espacial y temporal en la dispersión de polen en un huerto semillero y en rodales naturales cercanos de Pinus patula. Bosque (Valdivia). 2017; 38 (1):169-181.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiliana Muñoz-Gutiérrez; J Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Javier López-Upton; Carlos Ramírez-Herrera; Marcos Jímenez-Casas; Arnulfo Aldrete; Ramón Díaz-Ruíz. 2017. "Variación espacial y temporal en la dispersión de polen en un huerto semillero y en rodales naturales cercanos de Pinus patula." Bosque (Valdivia) 38, no. 1: 169-181.
José L. Romo-Lozano; Javier López-Upton; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; María L. Ávila-Angulo. Economic valuation of the forest biodiversity in Mexico, a review. Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente 2016, 23, 75 -90.
AMA StyleJosé L. Romo-Lozano, Javier López-Upton, J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández, María L. Ávila-Angulo. Economic valuation of the forest biodiversity in Mexico, a review. Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente. 2016; 23 (1):75-90.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé L. Romo-Lozano; Javier López-Upton; J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; María L. Ávila-Angulo. 2016. "Economic valuation of the forest biodiversity in Mexico, a review." Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente 23, no. 1: 75-90.
Aim of study: Seed production in forest tree species commonly takes a long time due to the length of the juvenile stage. Even though several treatments have been used to induce early flowering in conifer species, experience on their use in subtropical Pinus species is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of GA4/7 dose (0, 1.27 and 2.54 mg cm-2) and application time (July-October), alone or in combination with partial stem girdling, on male and female strobili production in young Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. clones. Area of study: Nine clones with different flowering background of high-elevation Pinus patula growing in a six-year old seed orchard established in Central México (Aquixtla, Puebla) at 2,800 m elevation.Material and methods: Two independent flowering trials (FT1 and FT2) were carried out in the seed orchard during the 2009 and 2010 flowering cycles; similar factors were evaluated at both trials but time of application, clones tested, and experimental design used varied for each of them. Partial stem girdling was done at the base of the trunk and the GA4/7 solution was injected into the xylem above the point of girdling. The following spring, the percentage of trees with strobili and the number of strobili per tree were determined for both male and female structures.Main results: Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) among clones in flowering capacity were found at both trials. None of the treatments applied in FT1 resulted in an increase of strobili formation, most probably because they were applied too late in the growing season. In FT2, however, application of GA4/7 combined with partial stem girdling increased the percentage of trees with strobili and the number of strobili of both sexes, particularly when applied in early July. Partial stem girdling was more effective on promoting male strobili than female ones in gibberellin-treated grafts.Research highlights: Timing of GA4/7 application and stem girdling was important, with a significant interaction with clones tested in FT2 on production of male strobili but not on female strobili. Application of 1.27 mg cm-2 GA4/7 and stem girdling in July promoted the highest percentage of trees with strobili, and increased 25-fold the number of female strobili and 5-fold the number of male strobili per tree as compared to the control treatment. Thus, operational use of this induction treatment would be valuable to increase and accelerate seed production in Pinus patula seed orchards in the region.Keywords: early flowering; gibberellins; juvenile stage; seed orchard; seed production.Abbreviations: GA: Gibberellic acid; GA4: Gibberellic acid 4; GA7: Gibberellic acid 7; GA4/7: Mix of gibberellic acids 4 and 7; FT1: Flowering trial carried out in the 2009 season; FT2: Flowering trial carried out in the 2010 season.
J. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Jeniffer-Ivette Vargas-Abonce. Effect of giberellic acid (GA4/7) and girdling on induction of reproductive structures in Pinus patula. Forest Systems 2016, 25, e063 .
AMA StyleJ. Jesús Vargas-Hernández, Jeniffer-Ivette Vargas-Abonce. Effect of giberellic acid (GA4/7) and girdling on induction of reproductive structures in Pinus patula. Forest Systems. 2016; 25 (2):e063.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Jesús Vargas-Hernández; Jeniffer-Ivette Vargas-Abonce. 2016. "Effect of giberellic acid (GA4/7) and girdling on induction of reproductive structures in Pinus patula." Forest Systems 25, no. 2: e063.