Naringenin is a trihydroxyflavanone present in large amount in different citrus fruits, e.g., oranges, pomelos, grapefruits, but also in tomatoes, fenugreek and coffee. It has a wide range of pharmacological and biological effects beneficial to human health. Its antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antimicrobial activity is frequently reported in scientific literature. In this review we presented the current state of knowledge on the antimicrobial activity of naringenin and its natural and synthetic derivatives as a phytobiotic against resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi in humans. Most of the data reported here have been obtained from in vitro or in vivo studies. Over the past few years, due to the overuse of antibiotics, the occurrence of bacteria resistant to all available antibiotics has been growing. Therefore, the main focus here is on antibiotic resistant strains, which are a significant, worldwide problem in the treatment of infectious diseases. The situation is so alarming that the WHO has listed microbial resistance to drugs on the list of the 10 most important health problems facing humanity. In addition, based on scientific reports from recent years, we described the potential molecular mechanism of action of these bioflavonoids against pathogenic strains of microorganisms. As plant-derived substances have been pushed out of use with the beginning of the antibiotic era, we hope that this review will contribute to their return as alternative methods of preventing and treating infections in the epoch of drug resistance.

Researchers are amazed at the multitude of biological effects of 3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone, more commonly known as luteolin, as it simultaneously has antioxidant and pro-oxidant, as well as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cancer-preventive, properties. The anticancer properties of luteolin constitute a mosaic of pathways due to which this flavonoid influences cancer cells. Not only is it able to induce apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell proliferation, but it also suppresses angiogenesis and metastasis. Moreover, luteolin succeeds in cancer cell sensitization to therapeutically induced cytotoxicity. Nevertheless, apart from its promising role in chemoprevention, luteolin exhibits numerous potential utilizations in patients with conditions other than neoplasms, which include inflammatory skin diseases, diabetes mellitus, and COVID-19. This review aims to present the multidimensionality of the luteolin’s impact on both neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases. When it comes to neoplasms, we intend to describe the complexity of the molecular mechanisms that underlay luteolin’s anticancer effectiveness, as well as to prove the usefulness of integrating this flavonoid in cancer therapy via the analysis of recent research on breast, colon, and lung cancer. Regarding nonneoplastic diseases, this review aims to emphasize the importance of researching the potential of luteolin in areas such as diabetology, virology, and dermatology as it summarizes the most important discoveries in those fields regarding its application.

CD38 is a myeloid antigen present both on the cell membrane and in the intracellular compartment of the cell. Its occurrence is often enhanced in cancer cells, thus making it a potential target in anticancer therapy. Daratumumab and isatuximab already received FDA approval, and novel agents such as MOR202, TAK079 and TNB-738 undergo clinical trials. Also, novel therapeutics such as SAR442085 aim to outrank the older antibodies against CD38. Multiple myeloma and immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis may be effectively treated with anti-CD38 immunotherapy. Its role in other hematological malignancies is also important concerning both diagnostic process and potential treatment in the future. Aside from the hematological malignancies, CD38 remains a potential target in gastrointestinal, neurological and pulmonary system disorders. Due to the strong interaction of CD38 with TCR and CD16 on T cells, it may also serve as the biomarker in transplant rejection in renal transplant patients. Besides, CD38 finds its role outside oncology in systemic lupus erythematosus and collagen-induced arthritis. CD38 plays an important role in viral infections, including AIDS and COVID-19. Most of the undergoing clinical trials focus on the use of anti-CD38 antibodies in the therapy of multiple myeloma, CD19- B-cell malignancies, and NK cell lymphomas. This review focuses on targeting CD38 in cancer and non-cancerous diseases using antibodies, cell-based therapies and CD38 inhibitors. We also provide a summary of current clinical trials targeting CD38.

Information about the impact of interactions between amyloid proteins on their fibrillization propensity is scattered among many experimental articles and presented in unstructured form. We manually curated information located in almost 200 publications (selected out of 562 initially considered), obtaining details of 883 experimentally studied interactions between 46 amyloid proteins or peptides. We also proposed a novel standardized terminology for the description of amyloid–amyloid interactions, which is included in our database, covering all currently known types of such a cross-talk, including inhibition of fibrillization, cross-seeding and other phenomena. The new approach allows for more specific studies on amyloids and their interactions, by providing very well-defined data. AmyloGraph, an online database presenting information on amyloid–amyloid interactions, is available at (http://AmyloGraph.com/). Its functionalities are also accessible as the R package (https://github.com/KotulskaLab/AmyloGraph). AmyloGraph is the only publicly available repository for experimentally determined amyloid–amyloid interactions.

Plants produce an extensive repertoire of secondary metabolites, developed over evolutionary time to support survival. Among these, D-limonene, a monoterpene exuded by citrus fruits, has demonstrated a broad range of pharmacological activities. This review elucidates limonene’s biological versatility, spanning antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and gastroprotective domains. Synthesizing data from both preclinical and early-phase clinical research, we explore its molecular mechanisms, ranging from reactive oxygen species mitigation and apoptosis induction to metabolic remodeling and neurotransmitter modulation. Special attention is given to limonene’s emerging role in oncological therapeutics, notably in breast and liver cancers, and its capacity to ameliorate pathophysiological hallmarks of diabetes and neurodegeneration. Its low toxicity and high bioavailability support its potential as a safe adjunct or alternative in phytotherapy. This review advocates for continued investigation into limonene’s translational potential across a spectrum of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases.

Several molecular pathways are likely involved in the regulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) via Ras-associated C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2, RAC2, and pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 product, PTTG1, given their roles in cellular signaling, survival, proliferation, and metastasis. RAC2 is a member of the Rho GTPase family and plays a crucial role in actin cytoskeleton dynamics, reactive oxygen species production, and cell migration, contributing to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune evasion, and therapy resistance. PTTG1, also known as human securin, regulates key processes such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis suppression, and EMT, promoting metastasis and enhancing cancer cell survival. This article aims to describe the molecular pathways involved in the proliferation, invasiveness, and drug response of cancer cells through RAC2 and PTTG1, aiming to clarify their respective roles in neoplastic process dependencies. Both proteins are involved in critical signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, and NF-κB, which facilitate tumor progression by modulating CSC properties, angiogenesis, and immune response. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms by which RAC2 and PTTG1 influence tumorigenesis and describes their potential and efficacy as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in managing various neoplasms.