Based on Construal Level Theory (CLT), the youth and older adults have different psychological distances towards dementia that may lead to different dementia knowledge and attitudes. A cross-sectional survey among 239 youth and 62 older adults using a two-step sampling approach in Macao aimed to examine the hypothesis. Results showed older adults had a higher score of dementia knowledge (F_(1,299) = 45.692, p <0.001) but a lower score of dementia attitudes (F_(1,299) = 161.887, p <0.001) compared to the youth. Age group explained the majority of the variances in the hierarchical multiple regressions for dementia knowledge (R² = 0.178, F = 9.059, p < 0.001) and for dementia attitudes (R² = 0.399, F = 24.233, p < 0.001), which are β = 0.47 and −0.56, respectively. Thus, the hypothesis was supported and revealed an interesting pattern of dementia knowledge and attitudes among the youth and older adults. From the CLT perspective, the study implies that reducing and bridging the psychological distance of dementia would probably be an effective strategy to increase dementia awareness among young people, and intergenerational programs may be a good option to increase community acceptance and support for people with dementia.

Objectives. To measure the distributed characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitutions, as well as related factors with biased TCM constitutions among the elderly individuals in Macau. Methods. The elderly individuals from elderly healthcare centers located in Macao Peninsula, Taipa, and Coloane were selected as research samples. The basic information questionnaire and the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ) for elderly were employed. Descriptive analysis was applied to illustrate demographical characteristics and TCM constitution distribution. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to explore potential factors influencing biased constitutions, and weight of each variable for constitution was further calculated. Results. A total of 313 participants were recruited. Eighty-six (27.48) elderly were identified as balanced constitution; others were biased constitutions accounting for 72.52. Distribution differences related to gender and age were identified among participants with unbalanced constitutions. Four biased constitutions were further analyzed with EFA. For qi-stagnation and yang-deficiency constitutions, three similar factors were determined in the domains of education, sleeping habits, and lifestyle behaviors, successively. Although four factors were identified in phlegm-dampness constitution, the latter two belonged to lifestyle behaviors and the former two were education and sleeping habits. For yin-deficiency constitution, education, tobacco-alcohol consumption, sleeping habits, and exercise were four dimensions of potential influential factors. Tobacco consumption, sleep, and exercise duration weighted the most for qi-stagnation constitution; sleep duration, education level, and sugar-containing beverage intake for phlegm-dampness; length of education, alcohol consumption, and education level for yang-deficiency constitution; and weekly exercise hours, sleep duration, and education level for yin-deficiency constitution. Conclusion. The prevalence rate of biased constitutions was relatively high among elderly residents in Macau. Relations between demographical and lifestyle behavioral factors and biased constitutions were identified in this study. Controlling these influential factors might be beneficial for health management of Macau elderly individuals.

Purpose: This study was conducted to appraise the comparative efficacy of single non-pharmacological methods on depression for cognitive dysfunction patients utilizing network meta-analysis (NMA) and resolve ambiguities in existing literature to help practitioners accurately determine the efficacy and formulate the optimal therapeutic models. Design: Systematic Review and Network meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Two investigators independently undertook data extraction and quality evaluation. Result: Overall, 26 articles incorporating 10 single non-pharmacological interventions were identified. Compared to control, GAME (SMD = −1.00, 95% CrI = −1.70 to −0.39) and mindfulness (SMD = −0.58, 95% CrI = −0.99 to −0.17) significantly alleviated depressive symptoms. RTBC (SMD = −0.49, 95% CrI = −0.88 to −0.09) and MUSIC (SMD = −0.47, 95% CrI = −0.84 to −0.08) showed moderate effects, and PE (SMD = −0.37, 95% CrI = −0.67 to −0.09) showed small effects. Conclusion: In this network meta-analysis, we synthesized 26 trials to quantify the isolated impact of 10 single non-pharmacological interventions on depressive symptoms. Against usual care (basic medical support, sham stimulation, or wait-list), GAME and mindfulness produced the largest and statistically credible reductions. Reminiscence-therapy-based care (RTBC) and music therapy (MUSIC) generated medium benefits, whereas physical exercise (PE) yielded a small yet significant effect. These findings were robust across both direct and indirect evidence, underscoring GAME and mindfulness as the most effective stand-alone non-pharmacological options for mitigating depression. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ , identifier CRD42024517077.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitutions are associated with susceptibility to certain diseases. Studying the types of TCM constitutions associated with diseases helps to predict the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of these diseases. This study is the first to explore the correlation between deficiency constitution, excess constitution, and chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP). This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2023 at Kiang Wu Hospital. Patients undergoing hemodialysis were interviewed using a questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data and assess pruritus and the TCM constitution. The correlation between body constitution and CKD-aP levels was also analyzed. Of 162 patients analyzed, 78 (48.2%) had a balanced constitution, 49 (30.2%) had a deficient constitution, and 35 (21.6%) had an excess constitution. Both deficiency and excess constitutions were statistically significant in the occurrence of CKD-aP. After adjusting for all possible confounding factors, the analysis showed that compared to the balanced constitution, deficiency constitution (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.025–4.806) and excess constitution (OR = 2.695, 95% CI = 1.091–6.658) significantly increased the likelihood of CKD-aP. A deficient constitution mainly affects the duration, degree, disability, and distribution of pruritus, whereas an excess constitution affects the degree and disability. Both deficiency and excess constitutions were correlated with the occurrence of CKD-aP. Different constitution types affect pruritus differently, necessitating further precise analysis of the interaction between constitution types and pruritus occurrence.

Objective: To investigate the related risk life-factors of chronic fatigue in Macao hospital patients. Method: Collect the life-related data of 387 respondents and use the Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14) and diagnostic criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) to assess the level and the related risk life-factors of fatigue. Results: The proportion of moderate fatigue is the highest, followed is the level of fatigue reaching the CFS diagnostic criteria. Among the related life-factors affecting fatigue, people over 65 have the highest fatigue scores; compare to other marital statuses, the fatigue scores are the highest in widow/widower, and these two factors are statistically significant. Females, having care needs in family, and people with lower education levels tend to have higher fatigue scores, but they do not reach statistical significance. There were no significant differences in fatigue scores in occupation, working years, and daily working hours. Conclusion: This study revealed that the level of fatigue increases related to aging and widowhood in Macao hospital patients. The number of widows is small due to the sample source's limitation and it may not represent all the population in Macau. Based on the trend of chronic fatigue-related risk factors, the finding can also provide a reference for prevention and treatment strategies.