The authors experienced a case with ocular ischemia with hypotony following injection of a dermal filler for augmentation rhinoplasty. Immediately after injection, the patient demonstrated a permanent visual loss with typical fundus features of central retinal artery occlusion. Multiple crusted ulcerative patches around the nose and left periorbit developed, and the left eye became severely inflamed, ophthalmoplegic, and hypotonic. Signs of anterior and posterior segment ischemia were observed including severe cornea edema, iris atrophy, and chorioretinal swelling. The retrograde arterial embolization of hyaluronic acid gel from vascular branches of nasal tip to central retinal artery and long posterior ciliary artery was highly suspicious. After 6 months of follow up, skin lesions and eyeball movement became normalized, but progressive exudative and tractional retinal detachment was causing phthisis bulbi.

Management of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is challenging, as no reliable, specific, and safe medical therapeutic agents have yet been developed. We investigated the effect of quercetin in primary cultured orbital fibroblasts from GO, targeting pathways of inflammation, aberrant accumulation of extracellular matrix macromolecules, and adipose tissue expansion. Quercetin significantly attenuated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin (IL) -6, IL-8, and cyclooxygenase (COX) -2 mRNA expression, and inhibited IL-1β-induced increases in ICAM-1, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA. Increased hyaluronan production induced by IL-1β or tumor necrosis factor-α was suppressed by quercetin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment with noncytotoxic doses of quercetin inhibited accumulation of intracytoplasmic lipid droplets and resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α, and C/EBPβ proteins. In conclusion, inhibition of inflammation, hyaluronan production, and adipogenesis by the natural plant product quercetin in vitro provides the basis for further study of its potential use in the treatment of GO.