The dramatic fluctuations in grain prices and the threat to grain security caused by global economic policy uncertainty have been a social concern and a challenging area for price management authorities to regulate. Based on general equilibrium analysis in microeconomics, this paper constructs a mathematical model of the impact of global economic policy uncertainty on grain price fluctuation. It then examines the micro mechanism of non-linear grain price fluctuation under the dominant market mechanism and measures the non-linear shock effect of global economic policy uncertainty on grain prices using a threshold regression model. The results show that soybean and corn prices are subject to a two-zone fluctuation pattern due to global economic policy uncertainty. The impact has significant non-linear characteristics and is significantly greater in the high zone than that in the low zone. Accordingly, this paper offers government departments advice on better regulating and managing the market supply and demand and smoothing out sharp fluctuations in grain prices caused by changes in global economic policies.

Common prosperity is an essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era. Problems caused by the urban rural dual structure, such as resource misallocation, ecological-economic imbalance, and insufficient farmer income growth, not only hinder common prosperity but also conflict with the sustainable development strategy. As the core path to break the dual structure and narrow gaps, the multi-dimensional impact and mechanism of urban rural integrated development on common prosperity need systematic verification. Based on panel data of 31 Chinese provinces from 2014 to 2023, this paper uses fixed-effects and mechanism test models to examine its direct, indirect, and spatial spillover effects, focusing on transmission mechanisms of wage, property, and operating incomes. Findings show: First, it exerts significant positive direct and cross-regional spillover effects on common prosperity; Second, wage and property incomes are key transmission paths, while operating income’s mediating effect is unclear; Third, effects vary geographically, stronger in eastern/central China, weaker in northeast China and insignificant in west China; Fourth, economic and spatial integration play prominent roles, social service integration has inhibitory effect, and ecological integration’s effect is under-released. Accordingly, this paper puts forward countermeasures to optimize resource allocation, tackle the rural operating income dilemma, advance regional coordination, and enhance equal social services, providing references for improving common prosperity policies and rural sustainable development.

The release of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is a major contributor to global warming, endangering both human and nonhuman well-being, environmental integrity, economic development, and the planet’s long-term survival. This study delves into the interplay between crop production, livestock production, fertilizer utilization, and agricultural land usage on CO₂ emissions in four Asian economies: China, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Employing panel data analysis techniques, the research uncovers the significant impacts of various agricultural activities on environmental degradation. The findings derived from the panel autoregressive distributed lag (PARDL) estimation reveal that crop production in these emerging economies contributes to CO₂ emissions, as evidenced by the positive coefficients and statistically significant results. Similarly, livestock production and agricultural land used for crop production exhibit a substantial impact on CO₂ emissions, further highlighting their role in environmental degradation. While fertilizer usage also displays a positive coefficient, its impact on CO₂ emissions is not statistically significant. The results of our study highlight the critical importance of addressing the environmental impacts of agricultural practices, particularly in emerging economies. Crop and livestock production, along with the expansion of agricultural land, significantly contribute to CO₂ emissions, which underscores the urgent need for sustainable agricultural practices. These findings suggest that policymakers should prioritize the development and implementation of strategies that mitigate the environmental impacts of agriculture. This could include promoting sustainable land management practices, investing in technology that reduces emissions from crop and livestock production, and encouraging the adoption of eco-friendly fertilizers.