Following rapid urban development, higher demands are now being placed on urban open spaces in China, and the relationship between environmental elements and respondents’ behaviors in open spaces has become a common concern for researchers. Current research using geographic information systems has yielded macroscopic portraits of the behavioral trends and outcomes of research subjects, but evaluating their actual needs is complex. This paper proposes a new method to analyze the relationship between open spaces and respondents’ behaviors from a detailed perspective. Direct gradient analysis was employed with stratified sampling to select sample points in open spaces. Environment quality, ancillary facilities, and canal culture were selected as subjective evaluation factors. The greatest advantage of the proposed procedure is that it produces a ranking diagram, which compensates for the shortcomings of research methods that cannot directly express the actual needs related to respondents’ behaviors. From a case study in Jining, China, a location’s environmental quality and ancillary facilities were found to have the greatest influence on the behaviors of those using open spaces. Finally, strategies for improving environmental quality in open spaces are proposed.

For Na0.5K0.5NbO3(KNN)-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, an important phenomenon was found that the piezoelectric properties can be improved remarkably for equivalence substitution while it can’t be improved remarkably for non-equivalence substitution. To find out the real reason for this phenomenon, Li+ and La3+ were used to modify KNN lead-free piezoelectric ceramics by conventional sintering technique. The relaxor characteristic was detected for La3+ modified KNN lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, and this caused low piezoelectric properties. However, the relaxor characteristic can not be detected for Li+ modified KNN lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, and the piezoelectric properties is higher than that of La3+ modified KNN lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. Accordingly, the relaxor characteristic has important effect on structure and electric properties. The results show that equivalence and non-equivalence substitution have important and different effect on structure and performance of KNN ceramics.