Concrete must be a hydrophilic compound that is easily fabricated by nature. At the nanoscale, mechanical and chemical reactions alter the quality of cement-based substances. Continuous sprinkling of nano-silica solution synthesised with minimal surface solvents has been used to create a superhydrophobic (SH) concrete surface while similarly modifying the surface’s chemical composition and dynamical intrinsic structure. In this study, we examine the impacts of admixtures in SH concrete including nano-based bio-carbonate. The fundamental characteristics and dispersal techniques of nanoparticles often employed in cement-based compounds are reviewed initially in this paper. Investigations of the large contact angle, small slide angle, and carbonated thickness have been employed to analyze the impacts of admixtures. Additionally, the industry and uses of nanoparticles for concrete substances are addressed, and the expense is inventively represented by a survey questionnaire. Finally, this article identifies the obstacles that now occur in the field of research and offers appropriate future viewpoints.

The fine aggregate is one of the important constituent in preparing concrete. Nowadays, fine aggregate is not fond in abundant quantity and so many replacements were done for river sand like crusher sand, M-sand, bottom ash etc. In this study the replacement is done partially for the fine aggregate with bottom ash which is extracted from Mettur Power Plant. The bottom ash and sand proportions is taken as 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50 (M1,M2,M3,M4 and M5 respectively). The basic tests for all material used in concrete preparation were determined. M20 grade of concrete is casted and the test on fresh concrete is determined for conventional and partially replaced concrete. The specimens (beams, cylinders and cubes) were casted and kept under curing for 7 and 28 days from the cured concrete specimen’s hardened concrete test were determined. The strengt h of concrete for ratios 10:90 and 20:80 are having nearly equal strength comparing to normal concrete. Hence ratio 20:80 is advisable by this experimental study.

Due to anthropogenic activities the Noyyal River, a lifeline for Coimbatore and Tirupur district’s water resources in Tamil Nadu, India, is facing severe degradation. Combined rapid industrialisation and urbanisation have put immense pressure on modern civilisations increasing water demand on fresh water bodies. The major contributor to Noyyal River pollution is the textile industries in and around Tirupur. This study aims to identify the primary pollutant of the river water and propose potential remediation strategies. The water quality of the river is evaluated through extensive sampling across various locations of the river stretch and parameters including pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), and heavy metals are analysed. The results exceeding permissible limits set by regulatory agencies indicate the formidable level of pollutants. The primary contaminants affecting the river’s ecosystem and public health are textile dyes, heavy metals and organic compounds. Aquatic biodiversity is declining due to the degradation of water quality and it adversely affects the livelihoods of communities dependent on the river and also poses significant risks to human health through direct contact and consumption of contaminated water. Employing MATLAB, the study engages parametric analyses to predict past, current, and future trends in water quality parameters including pH, BOD, COD, TDS, hardness, lead, zinc, manganese, cadmium, chlorine, and microbial indicators.

Lakes provide both humans and animals with great interest in water conservation because it contributes to their survival. Lakes have many applications, including leisure purposes, related to human activities. The lakes in India need to be protected and restored directly. Owing to unsustainable human activity, much of the lake landscape is a waste water collection storage area. Given this troubling failure of urban water bodies to function, it is essential that the lakes are kept free of pollution and accessible. The proposed work aims to advance the conservation of urban water systems in Coimbatore. The case study on lake rehabilitation (Periyakulam and Valankulam Lake) was examined. The approval and cooperation by Coimbatore City Corporations enhanced the hygienic condition and the ecosystem of the lakes in and around Coimbatore City. As a result, various approaches for restoring water bodies have been suggested.