This study investigates how university students adopt large language models (LLMs) for online consumption of sustainable products, integrating perceived value theory with the technology acceptance model (TAM). Cross-sectional survey data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). SEM results reveal partial mediation. Performance expectancy value (PEV) and information quality value (IQV) directly shape continue using intention (CUI). They also influence CUI indirectly through perceived ease of use (PEU) and perceived usefulness (PU). Green self-identity value (GSV) influences CUI both directly and via PEU, while trust transfer value (TTV) and green perceived value (GPV) affect CUI only via PEU. ANN findings confirm this hierarchy, as PU (86.7%) and PEU (85.7%) are the strongest predictors of CUI, followed by GSV (73.7%). Convergent evidence from both methods indicates that instrumental utility, effortless interaction, and sustainability identity congruence drive sustained LLM use in the context of online consumption of green products, whereas credibility cues and sustainability incentives play secondary roles. This study extends TAM by incorporating multidimensional value constructs and offers design recommendations for engaging and high-utility AI shopping platforms.

Role-playing games (RPGs) set in ancient architecture have emerged as a digital tool for enhancing engagement with ancient architectural cultural heritage. This study examines how RPG elements (immersion, narrative, cognitive engagement) influence sustainable tourism outcomes at ancient architectural heritage sites and develops a stimulus–organism–response (SOR)-based framework model to explore their affective and behavioral effects. The results demonstrate that immersion, narrative, and cognitive engagement in RPGs significantly enhance tourists’ affective engagement. Affective engagement, in turn, enhances tourists’ willingness to travel to and support for heritage conservation sites. Mediation analyses indicated that affective engagement partially mediated the effects of immersion and narrative on the willingness to travel and fully mediated the effects of cognitive engagement. Affective engagement positively predicted support for heritage preservation, whereas willingness to travel alone did not exhibit this relationship. Emotional engagement is therefore a critical mechanism by which digital role-playing game experiences drive sustainable tourism behaviors, resulting in outcomes that go beyond individual behaviors to include broader sustainability impacts. By fostering immersive, narrative-rich, and engaging cognitive experiences, RPGs set in ancient architecture can stimulate willingness to visit heritage sites and encourage conservation awareness, providing valuable insights into sustainable tourism and the management of ancient architectural heritage.

This study examines how real photographs and AI-generated photographs shape sustainable engagement and travel intention in tropical island tourism. We used a one-factor between subjects survey experiment with two independent conditions, real images and AI images, with 357 participants in each group. Guided by the SOR framework, we measured perceived authenticity, cognitive destination image, emotional comfort, and perceived information diagnosticity, together with sustainable engagement and travel intention. Structural equation modeling shows that under both visual conditions the four perceptual factors are positively associated with travel intention. In the real photo condition, sustainable engagement partially mediates the effects of all four factors on travel intention. In the AI photo condition, sustainable engagement mediates the effects of cognitive destination image, emotional comfort, and perceived information diagnosticity on travel intention, while the indirect pathway from perceived authenticity to travel intention through sustainable engagement is not significant. These findings support an actionable dual-track visual strategy. Use AI images to expand reach at low ecological cost, then use real images with verifiable cues to strengthen credibility and encourage responsible choices.

With the accelerating ageing of the population in China, understanding older adults’ intention to continue using Community Green Open Space (CGOS) and the associated psychological pathways is of great importance for age-friendly community planning. However, existing studies have primarily focused on objective environmental attributes of green spaces, while insufficient attention has been paid to older adults’ subjective environmental perceptions and the psychological pathways linking these perceptions to continued usage intention. Guided by the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S-O-R) framework, this study adopted an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 older adults aged 60 years and above in Shijiazhuang, China, and the data were analyzed using Grounded Theory. The five core themes identified from the interviews were conceptually mapped into five environmental perception constructs: Visibility of Green Facilities (VGF), Green Structural Diversity (GSD), Perceived Green Accessibility (PGA), Green Interactive Experience (GIE), and Perceived Green Usability (PGU). In the quantitative phase, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed using 752 valid questionnaires to examine the direct associations between these constructs and Continued Usage Intention (CUI), as well as the indirect associations through Outdoor Activity Motivation (OAM) and Perceived Emotional Healing (PEH). The results indicate that all five environmental perception constructs were positively associated with older adults’ continued usage intention. Statistically significant indirect associations through Outdoor Activity Motivation were observed for Visibility of Green Facilities, Perceived Green Accessibility, Green Interactive Experience, and Perceived Green Usability, but not for Green Structural Diversity. Statistically significant indirect associations through Perceived Emotional Healing were observed for Visibility of Green Facilities, Green Structural Diversity, Green Interactive Experience, and Perceived Green Usability, but not for Perceived Green Accessibility. These findings suggest that motivational activation and emotional restoration represent two complementary psychological pathways linking environmental perceptions with older adults’ continued usage intention. This study reveals the psychological pathways underlying the relationship between CGOS environmental perceptions and older adults’ continued usage intention, providing theoretical insights and practical references for the planning optimization and age-friendly design of Community Green Open Space within the context of healthy ageing.

Cultural heritage narrative architectural complexes (CHNAC) are historic built heritage environments in which preserved and adaptively reused architectural fabric serves as a medium for communicating cultural narratives. However, limited research has examined how visitors’ cognitive appraisals of such environments are associated with affective responses and willingness to revisit (WR). Based on the cognitive–affective–behavioral (CAB) framework, this study constructs a serial mediation model to examine how narrative understanding (NU), perceived authenticity (PA), and perceived spatial immersion (PSI) are linked to WR through two affective mechanisms, namely restorative experience (RE) and heritage attachment (HA), which are collectively referred to as emotional resonance. Based on 616 valid questionnaires, the model was tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The findings reveal differentiated cognitive–affective pathways to revisitation. NU was associated with WR primarily through emotional resonance, whereas PA showed both a direct association with WR and an indirect association through heritage attachment. PSI was associated with WR through the largest number of supported pathways, including a direct pathway and indirect pathways through RE, HA, and their sequential relationship. Across these pathways, RE was positively associated with HA, which in turn was positively associated with WR. These findings clarify the relationships between cognitive appraisals of narrative built heritage environments and emotional resonance reflected in restorative and attachment responses and provide implications for spatial design and revitalization that emphasize heritage conservation.