In order to have immediate and effective management of crises and emergencies, natural and technological disaster response plans are created. These plans define the elements of a system responsible to manage a disaster, their roles, and responsibilities together with their interactions. In some cases, however, the system which is formed based on these plans fails to perform as desired. This paper proposes the utilization of systems theoretic early concept analysis (STECA) as an effective approach to efficiently identify loopholes in existing disaster response plans. STECA was applied to the formal evacuation plan of Greece's Civil Protection Agency due to forest fires and identified thirty one loopholes that were validated against the official prosecutors' investigation reports of the 2018 “Mati” forest fire tragedy in Athens, Greece.

This hypothesis-generating integrative comparative review examines how ISO 45001:2018 is interpreted and implemented in construction safety management across the European Union (EU), the United States, and Canada. Drawing on 35 sources—including peer-reviewed studies, regulatory documents, institutional guidance, and selected practitioner literature—it compares implementation drivers, regulatory alignment, reported benefits, persistent barriers, and supply-chain governance using an analytical framework organized around six thematic dimensions. The synthesis suggests a convergence–divergence pattern: firms across the three jurisdictions pursue certification for broadly similar reported benefits and encounter similar barriers rooted in worksite dynamism, subcontractor complexity, and workforce transience. Institutional drivers, however, appear to diverge along a spectrum of regulatory emphasis: in the EU, the standard often functions synergistically with directive-based prevention duties as an integrated compliance mechanism, whereas in the United States and Canada it more commonly operates as a voluntary strategic overlay upon detailed regulatory baselines, driven mainly by market differentiation and liability management. These interpretations are propositions inferred from regulatory structures, certification statistics, and practitioner literature rather than conclusions demonstrated by primary causal studies. A mapping of ISO 45001 clauses to construction-specific challenges and a comparative propositions matrix are developed. The evidence base remains uneven—particularly for Canada, which contributes primarily regulatory and institutional evidence—and construction-specific empirical outcome evidence for ISO 45001 is limited. The paper proposes a research agenda for comparative, evidence-based evaluation of occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMS) in global construction.

This study presents an advanced safety management framework for “Wave Energy Converter” (WEC) projects, addressing the inherent uncertainty, technological complexity, and environmental exposure of offshore renewable energy systems. By collaborating “Failure Modes and Effects Analysis” (FMEA) and “Hazard and Operability Study” (HAZOP), the framework captures both component‐level failures and operational deviations, and through all lifecycle phases, the framework also enables systematic identification, prioritization, and mitigation of risks. The results highlight critical vulnerabilities related to anchoring systems, articulation joints, transport operations, and subsea connections. The proposed approach delivers actionable recommendations for phase‐specific risk prevention and mitigation and outlines principles for integration into comprehensive risk management systems. It emphasizes the importance of adaptive and dynamic frameworks capable of responding to evolving marine conditions and regulatory landscapes, providing a robust template for future offshore renewable energy projects.