The reliance on fossil fuels poses significant challenges to the environment and sustainable development. To address the heating requirements of the pyrolysis process in a biomass gasification-based multi-generation system, this study explored the use of low-grade solar energy across the full solar spectrum to supply the necessary energy for biomass pyrolysis while leveraging high-grade solar energy in the short-wavelength spectrum for power generation. The proposed multi-generation system integrates the full solar spectrum, biomass gasification, gas turbine, and waste heat recovery unit to produce power, cooling, and heating. A detailed thermodynamic model of this integrated system was developed, and the energy and exergy efficiencies of each subsystem were evaluated. Furthermore, the system’s performance was assessed on both monthly and annual timescales by employing the hourly weather data for Hohhot in 2023. The results showed that the solar subsystem achieved its highest power output of around 2.5 MWh in July and the lowest of 0.7 MWh in December. The annual electrical output peaked at 10 MWh, occurring around noon in July and August, while the winter peak was typically 2–3 MWh. For the wind power subsystem, the power output was maximized in April at 5.17 MWh and minimized in August at 0.7 MWh. Additionally, considering the overall multi-generation system performance, the highest power output of 14.9 MWh was observed in April, with lower outputs of 10.9, 11.3, and 11.4 MWh from August to October, respectively. Overall, the system demonstrated impressive annual average energy and exergy efficiencies of 74.05% and 52.13%, respectively.

The integration of the concentrated photovoltaic photothermal (CPVT) process with energy storage is an effective approach to address the volatility of direct normal irradiance. However, the direct adoption of electrical energy storage is confronted with issues related to energy density and cost. To address this, this article introduces an operation strategy utilizing a hydrogen and biomass collaborative energy storage to regulate the power supply and demand. When power falls short of demand, a hydrogen fuel cell (HFC) is deployed to bridge the deficit, and the remaining shortfall is offset through biopower. This ultimately provides a constant power load, as well as heat, cooling, and ammonia. Additionally, it includes CPVT, wind turbines, biomass gasification, gas turbine, pressure swing adsorption, ammonia synthesis reactor, waste heat recovery unit, proton exchange membrane water electrolysis, and HFC. Consequently, the overall operational performance is evaluated on a monthly and yearly basis. The results show that the system achieves annual average energy and exergy efficiencies of 87.77% and 67.16%, respectively. For the biomass pyrolysis heating process, the CPVT provides 19.18 MWh of heat, and the heat required for biomass pyrolysis is 19.16 MWh. The system's yearly average outputs of electricity, heat, and cooling are 104.28, 7.90, and 11.56 MWh, respectively, with hydrogen and ammonia storage reaching 258.94 and 59.07 kg/h, respectively. Economically, the system achieves profitability in the 6th year with a net present value of 24.35 MUSD. This study provides theoretical foundations for constructing high‐efficiency, high‐stability solar concentrated photovoltaic photothermal utilization.