Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed of all cancers and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among men and women worldwide, causing 1.5 million deaths every year. Despite developments in cancer treatment technologies and new pharmaceutical products, high mortality and morbidity remain major challenges for researchers. More than 75% of lung cancer patients are diagnosed in advanced stages, leading to poor prognosis. Lung cancer is a multistep process associated with genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Rapid, accurate, precise, and reliable detection of lung cancer biomarkers in biological fluids is essential for risk assessment for a given individual and mortality reduction. Traditional diagnostic tools are not sensitive enough to detect and diagnose lung cancer in the early stages. Therefore, the development of novel bioanalytical methods for early-stage screening and diagnosis is extremely important. Recently, biosensors have gained tremendous attention as an alternative to conventional methods because of their robustness, high sensitivity, inexpensiveness, and easy handling and deployment in point-of-care testing. This review provides an overview of the conventional methods currently used for lung cancer screening, classification, diagnosis, and prognosis, providing updates on research and developments in biosensor technology for the detection of lung cancer biomarkers in biological samples. Finally, it comments on recent advances and potential future challenges in the field of biosensors in the context of lung cancer diagnosis and point-of-care applications.

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted normal human life worldwide. Due to its rapid community spread and high mortality statistics, the development of prompt diagnostic tests for a massive number of samples is essential. Currently used traditional methods are often expensive, time-consuming, laboratory-based, and unable to handle a large number of specimens in resource-limited settings. Because of its high contagiousness, efficient identification of SARS-CoV-2 carriers is crucial. As the advantages of adopting biosensors for efficient diagnosis of COVID-19 increase, this narrative review summarizes the recent advances and the respective reasons to consider applying biosensors. Biosensors are the most sensitive, specific, rapid, user-friendly tools having the potential to deliver point-of-care diagnostics beyond traditional standards. This review provides a brief introduction to conventional methods used for COVID-19 diagnosis and summarizes their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses the pathogenesis of COVID-19, potential diagnostic biomarkers, and rapid diagnosis using biosensor technology. The current advancements in biosensing technologies, from academic research to commercial achievements, have been emphasized in recent publications. We covered a wide range of topics, including biomarker detection, viral genomes, viral proteins, immune responses to infection, and other potential proinflammatory biomolecules. Major challenges and prospects for future application in point-of-care settings are also highlighted.

Background and objectives: Abdominal wall reconstruction after major oncologic resection is challenging, particularly when the operative field has been compromised by radiation, extensive tissue loss, and, in some cases, intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Mesh choice is central to minimizing complications and achieving durable outcomes. This report describes the clinical course of two patients who underwent initial synthetic mesh reconstruction and subsequently required biological mesh salvage, both managed at a single tertiary referral center. Methods: Two patients who underwent anterior abdominal wall reconstruction following major oncologic resection were retrospectively reviewed. Both initially received synthetic mesh (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene [ePTFE, Gore-Tex®] in Case 1; polypropylene-based mesh in Case 2). After developing mesh-related complications, both underwent reoperation with biological mesh (Permacol™ Surgical Implant, Covidien) placed in an underlay position with primary fascial closure. Results: Both patients developed recurrent surgical site infections, mesh protrusion, and bowel adhesions that required multiple interventions following synthetic mesh placement. After reconstruction with biological mesh, infection resolved and abdominal wall integrity was restored, with no further mesh-related complications at 12 months of follow-up in each case. Conclusion: These cases show how synthetic mesh can fail in the compromised field of major oncologic abdominal wall reconstruction, and suggest that mesh choice should be matched to the extent and contamination risk of the resection, with biological mesh a reasonable option when the field is heavily compromised. The findings are hypothesis-generating and should not be generalized. Prospective studies are needed to establish mesh selection criteria in this setting.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from breast cancer is a rare but clinically significant manifestation of stage IV disease, most commonly associated with invasive lobular carcinoma and specific molecular subtypes. Systemic chemotherapy has limited efficacy in this setting due to poor peritoneal drug penetration and the physiological peritoneal-plasma barrier. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has emerged as a promising locoregional strategy, delivering heated chemotherapy directly into the peritoneal cavity following maximal cytoreduction. While evidence from retrospective series suggests meaningful survival benefit in selected patients — with overall survival reaching 49 months in some cohorts — no prospective randomized data specific to breast cancer currently exist. This review evaluates the biological rationale, available clinical evidence, prognostic factors including the peritoneal cancer index and completeness of cytoreduction score, procedural risks, and future directions for CRS-HIPEC in breast cancer-related PC. The potential role of emerging systemic agents, precision medicine tools, and minimally invasive intraperitoneal strategies is also discussed.

Introduction: Jejunal carcinoma, a rare subset of small bowel adenocarcinomas, is characterized by its aggressive nature and nonspecific clinical presentation. The prognosis becomes particularly poor when peritoneal carcinomatosis is present. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has emerged as a treatment performed with curative intent for select patients with gastrointestinal cancers, particularly those with limited peritoneal metastases. Case description: A 51-year-old female presented with progressive symptoms of small bowel obstruction and gastrointestinal bleeding, diagnosed as jejunal adenocarcinoma with limited peritoneal carcinomatosis. She underwent CRS combined with HIPEC. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with imaging studies and pathological analysis confirming complete tumor resection. Discussion and conclusion: HIPEC and CRS have shown potential in managing peritoneal carcinomatosis. However, their efficacy in rare cancers, such as jejunal carcinoma, remains underexplored. Studies show encouraging outcomes for small bowel adenocarcinoma treated with CRS and HIPEC, emphasizing patient selection and multidisciplinary management.