OBJECTIVE We investigated the efficacy of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in predicting the long-term risks in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes and compared it with traditional risk factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed 933 patients with asymptomatic type 2 diabetes who underwent CCTA. Stenosis was considered obstructive (≥50%) in each coronary artery segment using CCTA. The extent and severity scores for coronary artery disease (CAD) were evaluated. The primary end point was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and late coronary revascularization during a mean follow-up period of 5.5 ± 2.1 years. RESULTS Ninety-four patients with MACE exhibited obstructive CAD with a greater extent and higher severity scores (P < 0.001 for all). After adjusting for confounding risk factors, obstructive CAD remained an independent predictor of MACE (hazard ratio 3.11 [95% CI 2.00–4.86]; P < 0.001]). The performance of a risk prediction model based on C-statistics was significantly improved (C-index 0.788 [95% CI 0.747–0.829]; P = 0.0349) upon the addition of a finding of obstructive CAD using CCTA to traditional risk factors, including age, male, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and HbA_1c. Both integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification improvement (NRI) analyses further supported this finding (IDI 0.046 [95% CI 0.020–0.072], P < 0.001, and NRI 0.55 [95% CI 0.343–0.757], P < 0.001). In contrast, the risk prediction power of the coronary artery calcium score remained unimproved (C-index 0.740, P = 0.547). CONCLUSIONS Based on our data, the addition of CCTA-detected obstructive CAD to models that include traditional risk factors improves the predictions of MACE in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes.

Lee KY, et al. Korean Circ J. 2018 Aug;49:e135. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2019.0211

The quantitative flow ratio (QFR) is a novel angiography-based computational method assessing functional ischemia caused by coronary stenosis. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of quantitative flow ratio (QFR) in patients with angina and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to identify the conditions with low diagnostic performance. We assessed the QFR for 1077 vessels under fractional flow ratio (FFR) evaluation in 915 patients with angina and AMI. The diagnostic accuracies of the QFR for identifying an FFR ≤ 0.8 were 95.98% (95% confidence interval [CI] 94.52 to 97.14%) for the angina group and 92.42% (95% CI 86.51 to 96.31%) for the AMI group. The diagnostic accuracy of the QFR in the borderline FFR zones (> 0.75, ≤ 0.85) (91.23% [95% CI 88.25 to 93.66%]) was significantly lower than that in others (difference: 4.32; p = 0.001). The condition accompanying both AMI and the borderline FFR zone showed the lowest QFR diagnostic accuracy in our data (83.93% [95% CI 71.67 to 92.38]). The diagnostic accuracy was reduced for tandem lesions (p = 0.04, not correcting for multiple testing). Our study found that the QFR method yielded a high overall diagnostic performance in real-world patients. However, low diagnostic accuracy has been observed in borderline FFR zones with AMI, and the hybrid FFR approach needs to be considered.

Korean Circulation Journal 대한심장학회지 순환기 Chang K, et al. Korean Circ J. 2021 Apr;51(4):289-307. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2021.0043

Advances in interventions after myocardial infarction (MI) have dramatically increased survival, but MI remains the leading cause of heart failure due to maladaptive ventricular remodeling following ischemic damage. Inflammation is crucial in both the initial response to ischemia and subsequent wound healing in the myocardium. To date, preclinical and clinical efforts have been made to elucidate the deleterious effects of immune cells contributing to ventricular remodeling and to identify therapeutic molecular targets. The conventional concept classifies macrophages or monocytes into dichotomous populations, while recent studies support their diverse subpopulations and spatiotemporal dynamicity. The single-cell and spatial transcriptomic landscapes of macrophages in infarcted hearts successfully revealed the heterogeneity of cell types and their subpopulations post-MI. Among them, subsets of Trem2^hi macrophages were identified that were recruited to infarcted myocardial tissue in the subacute phase of MI. The upregulation of anti-inflammatory genes was observed in Trem2^hi macrophages, and an in vivo injection of soluble Trem2 during the subacute phase of MI significantly improved myocardial function and the remodeling of infarcted mice hearts, suggesting the potential therapeutic role of Trem2 in LV remodeling. Further investigation of the reparative role of Trem2 in LV remodeling would provide novel therapeutic targets for MI.