Wear is one of the main factors of machine failure. If abnormal wear was not detected in time during the operation of a mechanical system, it probably leads to catastrophic consequences. The wear debris in the lubricating oil circuit contains much information about equipment wear. Consequently, debris detection is regarded as an effective way to detect mechanical faults. In this paper, an inductive debris sensor based on a high-gradient magnetic field is presented for high-throughput lubricating oil circuits. The excitation coil of the sensor is driven by a constant current to generate a high-gradient magnetic field, and the induction coil is wound around the flow path. When wear debris cuts the magnetic line through the flow path, a corresponding induced voltage is generated. The experimental results show that the sensor output signal is linear with the drive current and the wear debris velocity. In addition, the shortest distance between the particles that the sensor output signals can be completely separated is 25 mm. When the distance is smaller, the induced signals are superimposed.

Due to its superior characteristics, carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) have been widely used in aerospace and other fields. However, their effective and economical processing remains a challenge. The purpose of this paper was to experimentally investigate the influence of several machining parameters, namely spindle speed, cutting depth, feed rate, and grit size on different machining performances, i.e., grinding force, and surface roughness through longitudinal-torsional (L&T) ultrasonic vibration grinding CFRP. The response surface methodology with a Box—Behnken design was used to create the experiments. The fitting mathematical models of grinding force and surface roughness were established separately to explore the interaction between the machining parameters and the impact on machining results. With the purpose of improving the surface quality and reducing the grinding force, the NSGA-II was used for multi-objective optimization to obtain the Pareto optimal solution. Compared with the initial experimental parameters, the optimized results can significantly improve the surface roughness and reduce the cutting force.

Zero-dimensional metal halides have attracted extensive attention as multifunctional optoelectronic materials and in radiation detection fields owing to their unique structural and luminescent properties. Herein, we take Sb3+-doped zero-dimensional hybrid zinc halide (C5H14N2)ZnCl4·H2O as the research object to systematically explore its crystal structure, carrier recombination kinetics, and exciton luminescence mechanisms. The results show that the introduction of Sb3+ can maintain the overall structural stability of the host lattice and significantly regulate the multi-channel radiative recombination pathways. This doped material displays characteristic dual-band luminescence with distinguishable carrier decay dynamics: the blue-green band originates from intrinsic band-edge self-trapped exciton recombination of the pristine matrix, whereas the near-infrared emission stems from characteristic inter-level carrier radiative transitions of Sb3+ dopants, accompanied by prolonged carrier lifetime and large Stokes shift. Temperature-dependent luminescence measurements uncover strong temperature dependence of the dual emission peaks in terms of carrier trapping/detrapping dynamics. The near-infrared luminescence presents prominent electron–phonon coupling, which reshapes carrier relaxation routes and induces an obvious spectral redshift. Density functional theory calculations further confirm that Sb3+ impurity introduces discrete mid-gap impurity states, enhances local orbital bonding interactions, and strengthens lattice rigidity and self-trapped exciton binding energy. These modifications optimize carrier localization, suppress non-radiative quenching channels, and ultimately facilitate efficient, stable radiative recombination of self-trapped excitons via regulated carrier transport and relaxation kinetics.