Recently, the near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 1000–1350 nm) region has been extensively applied in deep-tissue photothermal therapy (PTT) on account of it having stronger tissue penetration and a higher maximum permissible exposure (MPE) than the near-infrared-I (NIR-I, 650–950 nm) region. In this study, we developed a rapid and convenient in situ polymerization strategy to fabricate polypyrrole nanosheets (PPy NSs) within a few minutes using manganese dioxide nanosheets (MnO₂ NSs) as both the oxidant and the self-sacrificed template. The fabricated PPy NSs exhibited excellent NIR-II absorption, which conferred its high photothermal conversion efficiency (66.01%) at 1064 nm and its photoacoustic (PA) imaging capability. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that that PPy NSs possess good biological safety and excellent PTT efficacy and PA imaging performances. Thus, the as-synthesized PPy NSs could effectively achieve PA imaging-guided photothermal tumor ablation under 1064 nm excitation. Our work provides a novel and promising method for the rapid preparation of PPy NSs without the addition of exogenous oxidants and subsequent template removal, which could be regarded as potential photothermal agents (PTAs) to integrate the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Affinity membranes have the potential to enhance the specific adsorption of toxins, however, they suffer from insufficient hemocompatibility and low therapeutic efficiency during blood detoxification therapy. Herein, we combine an affinity membrane with a bioreactor to develop a blood purification membrane with affinity adsorption detoxification and cell detoxification functions. To fabricate the membrane, a polyethersulfone (iPES) membrane with a macroporous support layer was prepared by a phase inversion technique and modified with polydopamine (PDA). The iPES/PDA composite membrane exhibited excellent biocompatibility and blood compatibility, as well as controllable permeability. Lysine (Lys) and hepatocytes (C3A cells), which were selected as the affinity ligand for bilirubin adsorption and detoxification cells, respectively, were immobilized on the iPES/PDA composite membrane via the active group and adhesiveness of PDA coating on the membrane. The fabricated C3A cells-inoculated iPES/PDA/Lys membrane not only achieved high cell activity and function of the inoculated cells but also significantly improved the toxin clearance efficiency.