In the case of earthquake and rockfall disasters, it is proposed to replace part of sand with geofoam material to form sand–EPS and sand–EPE composite cushions to improve the ability of structures to resist disasters. The shear performance of the sand–EPS beads mixture material with different moisture contents, the impact resistance of sand–EPS beads and sand–flocculent-EPE layered composite materials with different cushion thicknesses and different mass ratios were studied by direct shear tests and multi-impact tests. The results showed that with the increase in the moisture content, the shear strength of the sand–EPS beads decreased, the internal friction angle of sand–EPS decreased first and then increased, and the cohesion of sand–EPS increased first and then decreased. The sand–geofoam layered cushion had better buffering performance. Sand–EPE has better durability than Sand–EPS.