Human health risks as a result of consuming pesticide residues in fresh vegetables have drawn serious attention to the scientific community, particularly in developing countries. This study analyzed country bean (Lablab purpureus L.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) for widely used neonicotinoid, synthetic pyrethroid, and dithiocarbamate pesticide residues in order to ensure food safety. The analyzed vegetables contained residues of acetamiprid and cypermethrin in 17% of bean and 13% of eggplant samples, respectively; among them, 3% of bean and 1% of eggplant samples had residues of acetamiprid that were above the maximum residue limits set by the European Union (EU-MRLs). None of the samples for either of the analyzed vegetables contained the residue of thiram and lambda-cyhalothrin. In contrast, 83% of bean and 87% of eggplant samples had no detectable pesticides. Thus, the findings were surprising considering the repeated and overuse of pesticides in vegetables in the investigated areas. However, this outcome supports the general claim of pesticide adulteration in terms of the active ingredients, which is another drawback to ensuring food safety. The non-cancer health risk assessment based on the acute health risk to consumer (aHI) and chronic hazard quotient (HQ) indicates that contaminated vegetables might pose a potential threat to children’s health and alarming for adults. This study reflects the overall scenario of pesticide residues in marketed vegetables of Barishal district of Bangladesh, which could help the consumers to bring awareness, and to take necessary actions by the pesticide suppliers and policymakers.

A rapid, precise and efficient method for the determination of seven insecticides (chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, deltamethrin, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, pirimicarb and indoxacarb) and three fungicides (azoxystrobin, fluopicolide and propamocarb hydrochloride) in melon by employing quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe extraction method coupled with liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was developed and validated by evaluating the accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The average recoveries of the selected pesticides ranged from 82% to 106% with RSDr ≤6% in four fortification levels of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg. The correlation coefficient (R²) was ≥0.997 for all the selected pesticides when matrix-matched calibration standards were used. The LOD values ranged from 0.001 to 0.003 mg/kg, and the LOQ was determined at 0.01 mg/kg for all the analytes. Matrix effect was evaluated, and it was found considerable for thiamethoxam and deltamethrin (−53% and +135%, respectively). Finally, this method was applied for the residue analysis of 122 fresh melon samples collected from different market places in Thessaloniki, Greece. Among the 122 analysed samples, 32 (26% of the total no. of samples) were found to have pesticide residues. None of the samples contained residues above the European Union-Maximum Residue Levels. The most frequently detected pesticides were fluopicolide and thiamethoxam.