Several technical factors contribute to the flow of cuttings from the wellbore to the surface of the well, some of which are fundamentally due to the speed and inclination of the drill pipe at different positions (concentric and eccentric), the efficacy of the drilling mud considers plastic viscosity (PV) and yield point (YP), the weight of the cuttings, and the deviation of the well. Moreover, these overlaying cutting beds breed destruction in the drilling operation, some of which cause stuck pipes, reducing the rate of rotation and penetration. This current study, while it addresses the apropos of artificial intelligence (AI) with symmetry, employs a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation model to validate an effective synthetic-based mud-drilling and to investigate the potency of the muds’ flow behaviours for transporting cuttings. Furthermore, the study examines the ratio effects of YP/PV to attain the safe transport of cuttings based on the turbulence of solid-particle suspension from the drilling fluid and the cuttings, and its velocity–pressure influence in a vertical well under a concentric and eccentric position of the drilling pipe. The resulting CFD analysis explains that the YP/PV of SBM and OBM, which generated the required capacity to suspend the cuttings to the surface, are symmetric to the experimental results and hence, the position of the drill pipe at the concentric position in vertical wells required a lower rotational speed. A computational study of the synthetic-based mud and its potency of not damaging the wellbore under an eccentric drill pipe position can be further examined.

Membranes were synthesized using polyamide (nylon 66) and monosodium glutamate (MSG) additive. The membranes with higher concentration of MSG additive were found to be thermally more stable and of porous structure. Due to porous structure, the permeation rate of impurities in blood through the membrane was increased. The effect of coagulant liquid temperature was also investigated and it was shown that increasing/decreasing the temperature does not significantly affect the performance of the polyamide-MSG membrane.

Surface modification is one of several techniques on improving the characteristic of certain elements. The surface of material can be modified by coating it with certain coating material. In this study Aluminium Oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles (NPs) is used and its coating material are Oleic Acid and Silica Dioxide. The main objectives of this study are to observe the properties of Al₂O₃ NPs after being coated with OA and SiO₂ at paraffin oil and brine water interface and to investigate the changes of NPs structure and chemical properties using three analysis which are Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). Al₂O₃ NPs was coated with OA and then followed by SiO₂ coating. After that, the modified NPs was analyzed by these analysis (SEM, FTIR and XRD). The modified Al₂O₃ NPs then were injected into mixture of paraffin oil and brine water. Al₂O₃ NPs coated with OA inhibit hydrophobic tails which prevent the molecules of NPs to mix with water. While for NPs coated with SiO₂, its aggregate well at the interface and most of it sticking to test tube wall. However, some of the NPs dissolve in water. SEM analysis images of before and after coating show different in thickness indicate the successfulness in coating. OA and SiO₂ can be seen attach to Al₂O₃ NPs quasi-spherical surface. While FTIR and XRD peaks show that there are changes in chemical properties and existence of contaminant at Al₂O₃ NPs crystallite structure. These analysis and observation of NPs confirming the successful of coating. Thus, can help in detection of crude oil production and improve the performance of Al₂O₃ NPs.

Nanoparticles have emerged with substantially to the end user and industrial applications. The applications initiated to enhance oil recovery (EOR) and also as alternative solution in increasing the rheological properties of fluids at difference condition. The study aims to evaluate the effects of various surfactant and nanoparticle concentration as well as hydrocarbons on foam stability. Series of static state experiments were conducted to investigate the foam development stability of five different concentrations for surfactant from 0.05 to 0.25 wt.% and nanoparticle from 0 to 1.00 wt.% in the presence of white mineral oil in synthetic brine suspension. By discussing to the Ross-Miles method - half-life capacities (t½), the foam stability of the aqueous foam was expected. Results suggested that the foam stability is increase with the present of nanoparticle. The 0.5 wt.% SiO2 nanoparticles enhanced foam formed the most lasting in the absence of white mineral oil as its t½ in presence of oil is 0.6 times smaller than in the absence of oil. It is concluded that the presence of nanoparticles for surfactant foam stability can be enhanced. The used of nanoparticles can be further study with different type of nanoparticles, only with small amount of nanoparticles used can further stabilize the foam.