Abstrak Prevalensi Diabetes mellitus (DM) mengalami peningkatan secara global baik di negara berpenghasilan tinggi maupun negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah termasuk di Indonesia. Indonesia menduduki urutan ke empat dengan prevalensi diabetes tertinggi di dunia setelah India, China, dan Amerika Serikat. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji hubungan pola konsumsi dan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian DM di Indonesia berdasarkan data Riskesdas tahun 2013. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Mei - Juni 2013 di 33 provinsi dan 497 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 722.329 responden yang berusia 15 tahun ke atas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas fisik merupakan faktor risiko dominan terhadap kejadian DM di Indonesia. Masyarakat yang memiliki kebiasaan hanya melakukan aktifitas ringan mempunyai peluang untuk terkena DM 2,9 kali dibandingkan dengan masyarakat yang memiliki kebiasaan melakukan aktifitas berat, sedangkan masyarakat yang memiliki kebiasaan melakukan aktivitas sedang mempunyai peluang lebih rendah terkena DM yaitu 1,8 kali dibandingkan dengan aktivitas berat. Semakin berat aktivitas fisik yang dilakukan maka semakin sedikit kemungkinan terkena DM. Dalam mencegah semakin tingginya prevalensi DM di Indonesia maka diperlukan peningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk meningkatkan intensitas aktivitas fisik terutama bagi masyarakat yang aktivitas fisiknya rendah. Kata kunci : Diabetes mellitus, perilaku konsumsi, aktivitas fisik Abstract Prevalency Diabetes Mellitus (DM) experience increasing globally either in high income states or in the low and middle income states including Indonesia. Indonesia is the fourth prevalency Diabetes Mellitus in the world after India, China, and United States. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between consumsion pattern and physical activity on DM in Indonesia based on Riskesdas data in 2013. Data are gathered from may up to June 2013 in 33 provinces and 497 regencies/cities in Indonesia. The research is cross sectional design. The samples are 722.329 respondents aging among 15 years and over. The results show that the physical activity is the risk factor dominantly on the DM in Indonesia. Society having only light activity have a tendency to get DM 2.9 times compared to those who have the strongest activity, while those who are stronger activity have lower tendency to get DM that is 1.8 times compared to those who have the strongest activity. To prevent higher prevalency DM in Indonesia, it is expected to rise the societal care to increase physical activity intensity primarily for those who has the low physical activities. Keywords : Diabetes mellitus, consumtive behavior, physical activity

Background: Childhood obesity is a major public health concern as it increases the risk of premature death and adult disability. Globally, the latest estimates showed that more than 340 million children and adolescents between the ages of 5 and 19 were overweight or obese in 2016. This study aimed to investigate the disparities in childhood overweight and obesity across 514 districts in Indonesia, based on geographic and socioeconomic factors. Methods: Geospatial and quantitative analyses were performed using the latest Indonesian Basic Health Survey data from 2018. Dependent variables were rates of overweight and obesity among children aged 5–17 years including by gender. Results: This study found that the rates of overweight were 17.2%, 17.6%, and 16.8% among all children, boys, and girls, while the rates of obesity were 7.0%, 7.9%, and 6.1%, respectively. Boys were 1.30 times more likely to be obese than girls, while overweight was similar between both sexes. Urban cities had significantly higher prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity compared with rural districts by up to 1.26 and 1.32 times, respectively. In addition, the most developed region had significantly higher prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity than the least developed region by up to 1.37 and 1.38 times, respectively. With regard to socioeconomic factors, our analysis demonstrated a notable disparity in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity across income quintiles. Specifically, the wealthiest districts exhibited a 1.18 times higher prevalence of overweight and obesity among all children compared with the poorest districts. This association was particularly pronounced among boys; in the richest quintile, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 1.24 and 1.26 times higher, respectively, in comparison to the poorest income quintile. In contrast, district-level education appears to exhibit an inverse relationship with the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, although the findings were not statistically significant.

One of the factors that influence the development of mosquitoes is the water container. This study was performed to determine the relationship between the characteristics of water containers and the preferable conditions for laying eggs by Aedes sp. A single larva method was conducted during March 2019 in 300 houses in two villages (Turikale and Adatongeng) at Maros Regency, Indonesia. In total, 1,269 water containers were considered, and among them buckets were found to be the most common container. Logistic regression analysis showed that the type, container location, and weekly drainage were related to the presence of larvae/pupae in the Maros Regency (p-value < 0.05). Non-water containers, which are kept indoors and are not drained at least once a week, have a greater chance of breeding Aedes sp. More attention is given to non-water containers that are located inside the house. Prevention activities, especially draining water containers properly at least once a week ensures that they do not become breeding sites for Aedes sp. mosquitoes and helps to prevent the transmission of dengue viral fever.

Background: Depression is a mental health disorder. The prevalence of mental health disorders in the elderly is high. Aims: This study was to determine the mental status depression and emotional of the elderly based on their characteristics. Methods: This study was a further analysis of Basic Health Research 2018 data. The population was all households from all districts/cities in 33 provinces in Indonesia with a cross-sectional design. The sample was all elderly, with a total sample of 82,304,000 people. The respondents included young elderly (60–69 years), middle elderly (70–79 years), and old elderly (>80 years). Result: Depression is experienced by most of elderly aged 60 to 69 years as many as 3,756,384 respondents (59.72%), females as many as 3,885,191 respondents (61.77%), living in urban areas, as many as 3,147,131 respondents (50.03%), graduated from elementary school as many as 2,052,22 respondents (32.63%), not working as many as 3,535,241 respondents (56.21%), and quintile one expenditure level as many as 1,532,358 respondents (24.36%). Conclusions: Emotional disorders of depression in elderly are due to the adaptation process to physical and psychosocial changes. Family support is a must to improve elderly’s quality of life on mental health aspects, especially depression. Furthermore, better treatment by medical personnel is required.

Situasi Terkini Daerah Fokus Keong Hospes Perantara di Daerah Endemis Schistosomiasis di Sulawesi Tengah

Objective: To assess the prevalence of Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis infection and its associated risks in children under fifteen years of age. Methods: Based on secondary data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey (RISKESDAS 2018), this cross-sectional study employed M. tuberculosis infection in children as a dependent variable and age level, sex, region, location, family case positive, and smoking as independent variables. Geospatial analysis was applied to show the prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection and multivariate regression was performed to analyze the risk factors of getting the infection among children under 15 years of age. Results: Prevalence ranges of M. tuberculosis infection among children aged 0-14 years, babies (age <12 months), toddlers (age 12-59 months), and children aged between 5 and 14 years were 0.03% to 0.57%, 0% to 0.64%, 0% to 0.78%, and 0.01% to 0.53%, respectively in Indonesia. A high prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection among children under 15 years of age was found in Papua and other provinces, such as Kalimantan and Java. Contacting with tuberculosis family members was positively associated with M. tuberculosis infection in children as shown by multivariate logistic regression (OR 8.94; 95% CI 5.4-14.6, P<0.05). Conclusions: Contacting with family member who has tuberculosis is related with M. tuberculosis infection among children in Indonesia. Therefore, screening the household for contact with tuberculosis patients is a preventive treatment for children.