Inflammaging, a coexistence of inflammation and aging, is a persistent, systemic, low-grade inflammation seen in the geriatric population. Various natural compounds have been greatly explored for their potential role in preventing and treating inflammaging. Withania somnifera has been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine as a nutraceutical for its numerous health benefits including regenerative and adaptogenic effects. Recent preclinical and clinical studies on the role of Withania somnifera and its active compounds in treating aging, inflammation, and oxidative stress have shown promise for its use in healthy aging. We discuss the chemistry of Withania somnifera, the etiology of inflammaging and the protective role(s) of Withania somnifera in inflammaging in key organ systems including brain, lung, kidney, and liver as well as the mechanistic underpinning of these effects. Furthermore, we elucidate the beneficial effects of Withania somnifera in oxidative stress/DNA damage, immunomodulation, COVID-19, and the microbiome. We also delineate a putative protein–protein interaction network of key biomarkers modulated by Withania somnifera in inflammaging. In addition, we review the safety/potential toxicity of Withania somnifera as well as global clinical trials on Withania somnifera. Taken together, this is a synthetic review on the beneficial effects of Withania somnifera in inflammaging and highlights the potential of Withania somnifera in improving the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the aging population worldwide.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Key drivers of DR include mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation, which lead to premature senescence of cells within the retinal vasculature. Senolytics improve outcomes in both animal models and in patients with severe forms of DR. In this review, we discuss (i) the role of endothelial senescence in each stage of DR pathogenesis, (ii) methods for detecting senescence in cultured endothelial cells and retinal vessels, and (iii) potential mechanistic explanations for how cells within retinal vessels resist DM-driven senescence.

• This review discusses the emerging single cell technologies and applications in Multiple myeloma (MM), population pharmacogenetics of MM, resistance to chemotherapy, genetic determinants of drug-induced toxicity, molecular signal transduction. • The role(s) of epigenetics and noncoding RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that influence the risk and severity of MM are also discussed. • It is understood that ethnic component acts as a driver of variable response to chemotherapy in different sub-populations globally. • This review augments our understanding of genetic variability in ‘myelomagenesis’ and drug-induced toxicity, myeloma microenvironment at the molecular and cellular level, and developing precision medicine strategies to combat this malignancy. • The emerging single cell technologies hold great promise for enhancing our understanding of MM tumor heterogeneity and clonal diversity.