The denim production is among the most polluting processes in textiles due to its high consumption of water, energy, and chemicals. This study presents a Systematic Literature Review (PRISMA 2020) on sustainable treatments applied to denim, with emphasis on their environmental impacts, evaluation methodologies, and main implementation challenges. A total of 26 open-access articles published between 2020 and 2024 in Scopus and Web of Science, in English and Spanish, were analyzed. The most relevant treatments include enzymes, ozone, laser, nebulization, and recycled materials, which report reductions of up to 60% in water consumption, decreased use of chemicals, lower CO₂ emissions, and reduced solid waste generation, consolidating them as viable alternatives to conventional methods. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) emerges as the main evaluation tool, although its application remains partial and inconsistent. The findings highlight the need to standardize methodologies and integrate economic, social, and regulatory dimensions in order to foster a sustainable transition aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals.

The biocomposite made from a nonwoven abaca fiber reinforced with acrylic resin is proposed as an ecological alternative to synthetic leather. The objective of this research was to develop and characterize the material, evaluating the effect of two variables: the length of the abaca fiber (2 cm and 5 cm) and the concentration of acrylic resin (70% and 80%). The manufacturing process consisted of immersing the nonwoven fabric in the resin solution, followed by drying at 120°C. A completely randomized 2² factorial design was implemented, with a total of 20 experimental runs. The response variables were tensile strength and elongation, evaluated using a Titan 5 James Heal dynamometer under ISO 1421. Statistical analysis was performed using Statgraphics Centurion software and revealed that fiber length has a significant positive effect on tensile strength, while elongation is less relevant. The results obtained with 5 cm fibers and 70% acrylic resin achieved a tensile strength of 118,3 N; in terms of elongation, the value obtained was 50,2 mm with 2 cm fibers and 70% resin. Taken together, these findings position vegetable leather as a functional and sustainable material with high potential for application in the textile and composite materials industries.

Esta obra constituye un tratado técnico-académico fundamental que aborda, desde una perspectiva holística e integradora, la operación crítica del enconado y bobinado textil como eje de la competitividad en la manufactura contemporánea. El texto establece un puente riguroso entre la evolución macro tecnológica de los grandes fabricantes globales como Savio, Murata, Schlafhorst, SSM y Rieter y la micro ingeniería implicada en la física de formación del paquete de hilo. Lejos de limitarse a una descripción taxonómica de la maquinaria, el libro desglosa con precisión variables mecánicas y electrónicas determinantes, la dinámica de remoción de defectos mediante purgadores electrónicos de última generación, el control micrométrico de la tensión, los dispositivos de parafinado y los sistemas inteligentes de empalme neumático (splicers); asimismo, sintoniza la práctica de planta con los paradigmas de la Industria 4.0 a través de la integración de Sistemas de Ejecución de Manufactura (MES), la automatización robótica y los vectores de ecoeficiencia energética. Orientado a la toma de decisiones estratégicas, el libro provee criterios analíticos para la selección y mantenimiento de equipos en función de la naturaleza de las fibras y los títulos de los hilos; de este modo, se consolida como un recurso indispensable para ingenieros, docentes y profesionales del sector, transformando el bobinado en un eslabón predecible que optimiza el rendimiento y minimiza los porcentajes de paro en los procesos subsecuentes de urdido, tejeduría y confección.