Antecedentes: La familia Apocynaceae está entre las 13 más diversas de México y su conocimiento taxonómico ha tenido una atención creciente con la implementación de filogenias y otras herramientas para resolver su sistemática. Con más de 10 años del último listado enfocado en la familia, resulta necesario actualizar el conocimiento sistemático del grupo. Pregunta: ¿Cómo se ha consolidado hasta nuestros días el conocimiento sistemático del grupo en México? ¿Cómo ha cambiado el número de géneros y especies de Apocynaceae en el país y su distribución geográfica por estado? Especie de estudio: Apocynaceae Sitio de estudio: México Método: Revisión de herbarios nacionales e internacionales, bases de datos y una búsqueda intensiva de literatura. Así como colectas en diferentes partes del país. Resultados: Apocynaceae presenta 52 géneros y 418 especies nativas, 204 de ellas endémicas. La subfamilia Asclepiadoideae destaca con 27 géneros y 314 especies. Los estados con más especies y endemismos son Oaxaca, Chiapas, Veracruz y Guerrero. Los estados con más microendemismos son Oaxaca (18 spp.), Chiapas y Jalisco (6 spp.), Baja California Sur y Veracruz (5 spp.). Se proporciona una clave de géneros y un listado actualizado. Conclusiones: Apocynaceae se ubica en el lugar número 12 de las familias más diversas del país. Esto reitera al país como un centro de diversidad del grupo. La integración de más estudios relacionados a la aplicación de herramientas filogenéticas, modelos de distribución y redes de interacción biológica permitirá entender mejor a la familia y proporcionar una historia natural más completa.

Societal Impact Statement: Biological samples and their associated information are an essential resource used by scientists, governments, policymakers, practitioners and communities to ensure that biodiversity can be appropriately protected and sustainably used. Yet, considering the enormous task of documenting the vast numbers of as‐yet‐unknown plant and fungal species, greater international coordination for biological collecting and recording is necessary, built on equitable collecting practices and standards. Here, we propose five commitments to accelerate and enhance scientific knowledge of plant and fungal diversity, while increasing collaboration, benefit sharing and efficiency.Summary: Almost all life depends on plants and fungi, making knowledge of their diversity and distribution—primarily derived from biological collections—fundamental to national and international conservation, restoration and sustainable use commitments. However, it is estimated that some 15% of all plant species and over 90% of all fungal species have not yet been scientifically described, hampering our ability to assess and demonstrate the impact of efforts to halt biodiversity loss. In addition, organisations and researchers around the world lack a concerted strategy for increasing complementarity and avoiding overlap in botanical and mycological research, particularly in relation to the collection of specimens. We here present the 2030 Declaration on Scientific Plant and Fungal Collecting, summarising a commitment towards such a necessary strategy. Its components were identified from discussions during and after a series of four workshops and plenary discussions at the 2023 State of the World's Plants and Fungi symposium convened by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and were then consolidated into the present form by the authors. The Declaration was subsequently opened up for endorsement by signatories. Collectively, we agree on a set of five commitments for cataloguing the world's flora and funga, designed to maximise efficiency, facilitate knowledge exchange and promote equitable collaborations: (1) use evidence‐based collection strategies; (2) strengthen local capacity; (3) collaborate across taxa and disciplines; (4) collect for the future; and (5) share the benefits. This Declaration is a first step towards increased global and regional coordination of scientific collecting efforts.

Two new species of Asclepias from Mexico are described here: A. sauronii and A. graogramanii. The first species, from the states of Coahuila and Nuevo Leon, is morphologically similar to A. otarioides, but differs by its ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate leaves and its yellow corona with digitated and curved horns. The second species, distributed in Jalisco and Nayarit, is similar to A. glaucescens, but differs by its pink to white-pinkish flowers, its sessile gynostegium and its cylindrical to oblongoid, and rarely slightly conduplicate hoods. Descriptions, morphological comparisons, and geographic distributions of these species as well as a proposal of their conservation status are provided in this study. This discovery highlights Mexico as a center of diversity of the genus, with 75 species currently known in the country. Furthermore, 45.3% of those species are endemic to Mexico.

Background and Aims: In Mexico, the genus Gonolobus is currently represented by 43 species. Gonolobus has been studied for some regional floras and taxonomic novelties are continuously being described. In this context, during the review of the herbarium material and collections made in the state of Oaxaca, a specimen that failed to be assigned to any described Gonolobus in Mexico and Mesoamerica was found. Therefore, the objective of this work was to describe a new species of Gonolobus from Oaxaca. Methods: Eleven herbaria and five virtual collections were revised, and several field trips to Oaxaca were conducted in 2018 to collect specimens. The studied material was compared with other species with similar morphology, a comparative table was prepared, and a distribution map included. The conservation status of the species based on field observations according to the IUCN Red List criteria is presented. Key results: A new species of Gonolobus from southeastern Oaxaca, Mexico, with large green corollas, is described herein. A description and images of the new species are provided. Gonolobus cthulhui is morphologically similar to G. leianthus and G. pancololote, but differs by its black-tipped and widely ovate to suborbicular sepals, pubescent diagonal pattern on the corolla lobes, and thinner and discontinuous faucal annulus. An Endangered (EN) conservation category is suggested for this species. Conclusions: This discovery highlights Oaxaca as the second state, after Chiapas, with most species of Gonolobus (19 spp.), and Mexico as a center of diversity for the genus, with 44 species recorded, of which 52.2% are endemic to the country.

A new species of Macroscepis from Sinaloa, Mexico is described here. Macroscepis sinalobolana is morphologically similar to M. diademata and M. stevensii but differs in its corolla, gynostegial corona, and fruit morphology, as well as its distribution. Descriptions, illustrations, morphological comparisons, and geographic distribution maps of these species, together with its conservation status, are provided. This discovery is important because the diversity of the genus increases to five species in México, with three of them endemic to the country.