Introduction: In this cross-sectional study, the authors explored the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to artificial intelligence (AI) among medical students in Sudan. With AI increasingly impacting healthcare, understanding its integration into medical education is crucial. This study aimed to assess the current state of AI awareness, perceptions, and practical experiences among medical students in Sudan. The authors aimed to evaluate the extent of AI familiarity among Sudanese medical students by examining their attitudes toward its application in medicine. Additionally, this study seeks to identify the factors influencing knowledge levels and explore the practical implementation of AI in the medical field. Method: A web-based survey was distributed to medical students in Sudan via social media platforms and e-mail during October 2023. The survey included questions on demographic information, knowledge of AI, attitudes toward its applications, and practical experiences. The descriptive statistics, χ² tests, logistic regression, and correlations were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: Out of the 762 participants, the majority exhibited a basic understanding of AI, but detailed knowledge of its applications was limited. Positive attitudes toward the importance of AI in diagnosis, radiology, and pathology were prevalent. However, practical application of these methods was infrequent, with only a minority of the participants having hands-on experience. Factors influencing knowledge included the lack of a formal curriculum and gender disparities. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for comprehensive AI education in medical training programs in Sudan. While participants displayed positive attitudes, there was a notable gap in practical experience. Addressing these gaps through targeted educational interventions is crucial for preparing future healthcare professionals to navigate the evolving landscape of AI in medicine. Recommendations: Policy efforts should focus on integrating AI education into the medical curriculum to ensure readiness for the technological advancements shaping the future of healthcare.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) pose a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide, with a disproportionately higher impact in low- and middle-income countries. Medical clinical students are actively involved in patient care and thus play a vital role in implementing infection prevention protocols. However, deficiencies in their knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding infection control may undermine patient safety and surgical outcomes. This study aimed to assess the KAP of clinical medical students in Sudan concerning infection control measures in surgical settings and to explore perceived barriers and potential strategies for improvement. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 clinical medical students from 13 Sudanese universities between November 2024 and February 2025. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered online questionnaire covering demographic data, KAP components and contextual barriers. Scores were categorized into poor, moderate or good levels. Independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to assess the differences in KAP scores across demographic variables. Most students demonstrated moderate knowledge (73.8%) and practices (50.2%) regarding infection control while 43.8% exhibited a neutral attitude. Notably, Only 28.8% of participants had received formal infection control training. Significant knowledge gaps were observed in hand hygiene duration, personal protective equipment (PPE) sequencing and sterile field management. The most reported barriers were limited supplies (70%) and insufficient training (69.3%). Interestingly, students who had not completed a surgical rotation had significantly higher attitude scores toward infection control compared to those who had (p = 0.008). Sudanese medical students demonstrate moderate awareness and practice regarding infection control in surgical settings, with notable gaps in training and resource availability. Targeted educational interventions, enhanced supervision, and improved access to infection control supplies are critical to strengthening adherence and promoting safer clinical environments.

Introduction: Mobile phones play a pivotal role in the lives of young adults and medical students, but their problematic use may negatively affect daily functioning. The ongoing armed conflict in Sudan has substantially disrupted daily routines, academic activities, psychological wellbeing, and sleep behaviors among university students. This study aimed to assess the association between problematic smartphone use and sleep quality, sleep patterns, chronotype, and life satisfaction among undergraduate medical students during the conflict period in Sudan. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 387 undergraduate medical students in Sudan between September 2025 and November 2025, during an ongoing armed conflict. Data were collected using self-administered online questionnaire incorporating validated instruments: the Problematic Use of Mobile Phone (PUMP) Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale–Short Version (SAS-SV), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), alongside demographic variables. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics and scale scores. Associations were examined using Spearman correlation analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was performed with poor sleep quality (PSQI >5) as the dependent variable. Independent variables entered simultaneously into the model included PUMP score, SAS-SV score, MEQ score, SWLS score, age, gender, and employment status. Analyses were conducted using R software, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 387 students participated (mean age 22.1 ± 2.3 years; 69% female). Poor sleep quality (PSQI >5) was observed in 71% of participants. Smartphone addiction showed a modest but statistically significant association with poorer sleep quality (ρ =0.22, p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, higher smartphone addiction scores were associated with increased odds of poor sleep quality (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00–1.07) and greater morningness preference was associated with lower odds of poor sleep quality (OR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.91–0.96; p < 0.001). Employment status (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.27–4.56) was independently associated with poor sleep quality (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Poor sleep quality was highly prevalent among Sudanese medical students and was independently associated with smartphone addiction, evening chronotype, and employment status. These findings highlight important associations between smartphone use behaviors, chronotype, and sleep quality in conflict-affected academic settings and support the need for further longitudinal research, particularly within conflict-affected academic settings.

Adherence to preventive health behaviors among medical students is essential for both personal safety and professional practice. However, compliance is not

Aim: Surgical site infections (SSIs) and other healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), exacerbated by gaps in training and resources for infection control. This study evaluates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of medical students at Al-Neelain University regarding infection control in surgical settings, addressing a critical gap in medical education. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 146 fourth- and fifth-year medical students in clinical years. Participants were selected via simple random sampling, and data were collected using an online questionnaire assessing demographics, KAP, and barriers to infection control. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Results: The median knowledge score was 11.5/19, with 74% of students exhibiting moderate knowledge and only 6.8% achieving good knowledge. Awareness of proper hand washing and PPE use was critically low at 26.7% and 27%, respectively. Positive attitudes were observed in 47.9% of participants, while 50% demonstrated positive practices, such as consistent hand hygiene (39%). The primary barriers identified included a lack of supplies (70%) and insufficient training (56.2%). Conclusions: Medical students at Al-Neelain University demonstrate moderate knowledge and positive attitudes toward infection control, yet critical gaps in training and resource availability hinder effective practices. Targeted curriculum reforms, combined with improved institutional support, are essential to enhance infection control practices and safeguard patient outcomes in surgical settings.