Power system flexibility is becoming increasingly critical in modern power systems due to the quick switch from fossil fuel-based power generation to renewables, old-fashioned infrastructures, and a sharp rise in demand. If a power system complies with financial restrictions and responds quickly to unforeseen shifts in supply and demand, it can be considered flexible. It can ramp up production during periods of high demand or increase it during unanticipated or scheduled events. The broad use of renewable energy in the power grid can provide environmental and economic benefits; nevertheless, renewables are highly stochastic in nature, with variability and uncertainty. New management with adequate planning and operation in the power system is necessary to address the challenges incorporated with the penetration of renewable energy. The primary aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of power system flexibility, including appropriate definitions, parameters, requirements, resources, and future planning, in a compact way. Moreover, this paper potentially addresses the effects of various renewable penetrations on power system flexibility and how to overcome them. It also presents an emerging assessment and planning of influential flexibility solutions in modern power systems. This review’s scientific and engineering insights provide a clear vision of a smart, flexible power system with promised research direction and advancement.

In this study, different stacking orders of carbon-jute fiber mats were used to fabricate the composites and hybrids. The impact of different stacking orientations on mechanical properties was investigated experimentally. The experimental results were verified by finite element analysis (FEA). In addition, the impact of the fiber orientation on the loading direction was also investigated. Four layers of fabrics were piled to fabricate the composites by hand-layup with the cold press process. A NaCl solution was used to create a corrosive medium (pH 8), and the composites and hybrids were immersed in that medium, and their mechanical properties were compared. In this research, it has been found that the laminates with the stacking sequence of type-C (C/J/J/C) show the best result among other composites. Jute composites where all the fibers are in the loading direction possess a high strain compared with the other composites and hybrids. On the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image, delamination, buckling of fiber, fiber pullout, and voids were observed. In addition, the kinetics of the diffusion mechanism were also investigated, and it was found from the experimental results that the composites and hybrids immersed in pH 8 absorbed water via Fickian diffusion.