The increasing global demand for meat production, driven by a rapidly expanding population and changing dietary preferences has prompted the search for protein-rich, sustainable, and healthier meat alternatives. In this context, edible mushrooms are viewed as advantageous substitutes for meat, offering a viable solution. This study aimed to investigate the effects of partially replacing (25% and 50%) pork meat in sausage samples with fermented oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), which were subjected to various pretreatments. Six different pretreatments were applied to fresh oyster mushrooms as follows: blanching in water, steaming, oven-cooking, microwave treatment, high hydrostatic pressure treatment, and ultraviolet light treatment. The effects of mushroom replacement on the moisture, pH, lipid oxidation, color, and textural properties of sausages during the 4-week refrigerated storage period were evaluated. The results revealed that replacing pork meat with fermented oyster mushrooms resulted in an increase in moisture content and b* values and a decrease in pH, L*, a*, and shear force values, proportional to the mushroom percentage. The lipid oxidation findings suggest that the antioxidant capabilities of fermented oyster mushrooms were influenced by the pretreatment methods applied to the mushrooms, exhibiting varying levels of effectiveness.

Besides their unique taste and texture, mushrooms are a promising source of important nutrients, including dietary fiber, amino acids, minerals, and vitamins. Fresh mushrooms, however, can only endure for a brief time, typically up to three days at ambient conditions. Different methods have been used to preserve mushrooms for a prolonged period, such as drying, cooking, frying, irradiation and fermentation. The objective of the current study is to investigate the effect of different pre-treatments and fermentation on physicochemical, textural, and microbial properties of oyster mushrooms. The fresh oyster mushroom was considered as control and 6 alternative pre-treatment methods were used as; blanching in water, steaming, oven cooking, microwave, High Hydrostatic Pressure and UV Light treatment. Moisture, pH, yield, color, texture, and microbiological analyses were performed on each pre-treatment group before and after fermentation. Our results showed that the quality attributes of oyster mushrooms were significantly affected by the usage of different pre-treatments. Besides their unique taste and texture, mushrooms are a promising source of important nutrients, including dietary fiber, amino acids, minerals, and vitamins. Fresh mushrooms, however, can only endure for a brief time, typically up to three days at ambient conditions. Different methods have been used to preserve mushrooms for a prolonged period, such as drying, cooking, frying, irradiation and fermentation. The objective of the current study is to investigate the effect of different pre-treatments and fermentation on physicochemical, textural, and microbial properties of oyster mushrooms. The fresh oyster mushroom was considered as control and 6 alternative pre-treatment methods were used as; blanching in water, steaming, oven cooking, microwave, High Hydrostatic Pressure and UV Light treatment. Moisture, pH, yield, color, texture, and microbiological analyses were performed on each pre-treatment group before and after fermentation. Our results showed that the quality attributes of oyster mushrooms were significantly affected by the usage of different pre-treatments.

Pleurotus ostreatus, or oyster mushroom, is the most widely consumed and studied species. Because of its high protein and amino acid content, it can be used as a meat substitute. Food quality and composition can be improved by utilizing various technologies, including emerging thermal and non-thermal techniques. The study aim was to determine the effect of various pretreatment technologies on the amino acid and biogenic amine content of fresh and fermented oyster mushrooms. An automatic amino acid analyzer was used to perform a chromatographic analysis on free amino acids and biogenic amines. Significant differences were found between fresh and fermented mushroom samples: the fresh samples showed an increased FAA value (+57%), while blanching and microwaving them stabilized the FAA content. In the other groups, a 9–17% reduction was observed. The total biogenic amine composition increased 11- and 15-fold in the fresh and UV-treated samples (1.89 and 5.05 mg/g, respectively). The blanched samples showed no major change while the other groups increased by two to five times. The results of our study provide an excellent basis for the development of oyster-mushroom-based food products, whether for use in meat products or novel vegan products.

Son yıllarda sağlıklı beslenmeye yönelik olarak toplumun bilinçlenmesi ve tüketicilerin doğal gıdalara gösterdikleri ilginin artmasıyla bu konuda yapılan araştırmalar da hız kazanmıştır. Yüksek besin değerine sahip olan mantarlar uzun yıllardır gıda olarak tüketilmekte ve içerdikleri biyoaktif bileşenler nedeniyle ilaç, kozmetik ürün, diyet takviyesi ve fonksiyonel gıda üretimi alanında kullanılabilme potansiyeli taşımaktadırlar. Mantarlara karşı ilginin giderek artması Dünya’da ve ülkemizde mantar üretim ve tüketiminde önemli gelişim ve değişimlere neden olmuştur. Mantarlar, yüksek oranda protein, karbonhidrat, lif, vitamin, mineral ve biyoaktif bileşenler içermektedirler. Bunun yanında sodyum, yağ, kolesterol ve kalori değerleri düşüktür. Bu özellikler mantarları sağlıklı ve dengeli bir diyetin parçası olabilecek gözde gıdalar haline getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada mantarların üretim ve tüketimi, besleyici değerleri, sağlık üzerine etkileri ve et ürünlerinde kullanımlarına yönelik bilgiler derlenerek sunulmuştur.

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of encapsulated fish oil and black carrot pomace on fatty acid profile as well as on some quality characteristics of low-fat beef meatballs. Four different meatball formulations were improved as; H0: 4% encapsulated fish oil+0% black carrot pomace; H3: 4% encapsulated fish oil+3% black carrot pomace, H6: 4% encapsulated fish oil+6% black carrot pomace, C: control containing no encapsulated fish oil or carrot pomace. Proximate composition (moisture, fat, protein, ash), pH value, colour measurement, fatty acid composition and sensory analysis were carried out on samples. Addition of black carrot pomace significantly affected protein, ash, colour (L*, a*, b* values) and reduced pH values of the samples (P

Reducing meat and meat product consumption addresses both sustainability and environmental concerns. Oyster mushrooms ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) are promising meat substitutes, however, their effect on the chemical profile of reformulated meat products requires further investigation. The purpose of this study was to investigate how partial pork meat replacement (25% and 50%) with pretreated and fermented oyster mushrooms affected the amino acid and biogenic amine content of sausages. Prior to fermentation and sausage production, mushrooms were pretreated thermally (blanching, steaming, oven, microwave) and non‐thermally (HHP: high hydrostatic pressure, UV: ultraviolet light). Although the total amino acid content decreased with mushroom substitution, the total essential amino acid and total branched‐chain amino acid content remained relatively high, accounting for 45%–53% and 15%–20% of the total amino acids (AA), respectively. The total free amino acid content increased due to enhanced umami‐contributing glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), and health‐promoting gamma‐aminobutyric acid. The total biogenic amine content increased in the reformulated sausage samples, but no histamine was detected. In conclusion, reformulated sausage with fermented oyster mushrooms resulted in nutritious hybrid sausages based on the amino acid and biogenic amine composition.