Birds’ survey is the best method to understand different species distribution, abundance, and diversity. The present study aimed to survey wild birds, using point count method, in two habitat types (water canals and field crops) at two districts, Zagazig and Hehia, located at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Surveying birds was conducted using point count method, from a fixed raising position within a circle of 50 m radius for a specific period of time (10 min) at every point. It started early in the morning, from 6 am to 8 am, at four points in two habitat types, agriculture water canals habitat (AWCH) and field crops habitat (FCH), in (Zagazig and Hehia) at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Each point count was visited once every month from December 2016 to November 2017. The total number of birds’ species recorded in the two districts was 33, belonging to 24 Families and ten Orders. Twenty-five species were resident birds and eight species were migratory. The number of birds’ species (resident and migratory) in AWCH was higher than those in FCH. Resident wild birds at AWCH had higher value of species diversity (Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index H′ = 2.63, Simpson Diversity Index D = 0.90, Evenness J′ = 0.82 and Species richness r = 25) than at FCH (H´ = 2.56, D = 0.89, J′ = 0.83, and r = 22). In contrast, species diversity for migratory wild bird was lower in WCH (H′ = 1.66, D = 0.74, J′ = 0.80, and r = 8) than in FCH (H′ = 1.81, D = 0.78, J′ = 0.87, and r = 8). Birds species (resident and migratory) numbers and abundance were higher in AWCH according to the habitat suitability than in FCH.

The common myna bird (Acridotheres tristis Linnaeus, 1766) is widely recognized as one of the most formidable invasive avian species globally. The bird poses significant challenges due to its ability to outcompete a variety of native cavity-nesting birds. Additionally, the common myna is a notable agricultural pest and a substantial threat to indigenous biodiversity. The current study is focused on understanding the distribution pattern of the common myna (Acridotheres tristis Linnaeus, 1766) in Egypt and the significant favorable conditions to predict the invasion scale of the bird to the Egyptian fauna. To determine the environmental variables influencing the invasion range of the common myna in Egypt, a Species Distribution Model (SDM) was employed. The current work documented 117 invasion sites of the species from February to December 2023. The predicted habitats are mainly concentrated close to the Nile Delta of Egypt, the Suez Canal region, North and South Sinai, in addition to scattered areas on the Red Sea coast, along the riverbanks of Upper Egypt, in addition to a few northwestern areas of the Western Desert. The most significant environmental factors affecting the establishment were the Minimum Temperature of the Coldest Month, the Mean Temperature of the Coldest Quarter, and Elevation. The current invaded areas comprise about 0.8% of Egypt (8240 km² out of roughly one million km²). We found that this is significant and of concern due to the expectation of increasingly favourable conditions due to global warming; this will turn this invasive species into a real threat to Egyptian ecosystems due to its aggressive competition with native cavity-nesting birds, its impact as an agricultural pest, and its potential to disrupt local biodiversity.

The crop losses due to birds are serious and costly problem for farmers. The hooded crow (Corvus corone Linnaeus, 1758) and house sparrow (Passer domesticus niloticus Nicoll and Bonhote, 1909) are major pests for many crops in Egypt. In current work bird damage was assessed on maize, snake cucumber at El-Ibrahemia district, while that on pea and guava was determined at Zagazig district, Sharkia Goverenorate during the growing season 2016. Regarding maize, the hooded crow feed on developing ears in corn fields following pollination and early in the grain filling period. The total number of inspected plants was 2800 and the highest losses (9.81%) were recorded in the 7th week. While, the hooded crow attacks snake cucumber fruits causing damage with mean percentage 6.33%. But the pea is preferable vegetable crop to birds, which destroy the leaves, flower buds as well green seeds in pods and this damage may be reduced the yield. The average percentage of damage for pea was 4.41%. The highest percentage of damage was 7.50% which obtained during the 5th week. Guava fruits were vulnerable to house sparrow, birds gnaw fruits. The losses by birds were estimated to be 4.79 and 4.64% in orchards nearby poultry farms and those nearby field crops, respectively.

Land snails are a destructive agricultural pest in economic crops, but the populations for that pest are highly influenced by temperature and humidity, therefore climatic changes affected their behavior, distribution and population dynamics, for these reasons researchers should follow up on the changes in their behavior, distribution, and population dynamics. In this study, a survey study was conducted to define land snail species existing at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, from January 2019 to March 2022 in horticultural, vegetable, and field crops and study the population dynamics for the dominant land snail species. Results showed that there are six species of land snails, these species were, Monacha cartusiana, Succinea putris, Eobania vermiculata, Theba pisana, Helicella vestalis, and Cochlicella acuta. The population dynamics of two prevalent land snail species (M. cartusiana and S. putris), were conducted during two successive growing seasons, the Egyptian clover harbored the highest number of M. cartusiana followed by wheat, while the onion was the lowest one during the study period. In the same trends, the land snail S. putris recorded the highest numbers during the growing season of the Egyptian clover crop. Finally, it is concluded that the land snail M. cartusiana considered the first grade of infestation existed everywhere at Sharkia Governorate, and the population density of the land snail is increase gradually after winter till reach the maximum density in spring.

Vertical and horizontal dispersals of the land snail Eobania vermiculata(Müller, 1774) were investigated in citrus orchards cultivated with navel orange surrounded with casuarina trees at Inshas locality, Belbies district, Sharkia Governorate during the growing season 20142015. Results revealed that in vertical distribution, the population density of snails decreased by increasing distances on navel orange trees. Spring season harbored the highest population densities followed by summer and winter. Regarding vertical distribution on casuarina trees, it was noticed that summer season has the highest population densities followed by spring and winter. The same trend was observed for the three levels where population densities decreased by increasing high distances on casuarina trees. Regarding, horizontal distribution on navel orange trees, it was noticed that population density slightly decreased by increasing distances from the adjacent orchards for the growing seasons. Population density of the snails didn’t clearly differ during the three growing seasons.