The abdominal aorta enters the diaphragm at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra and gives branches such as the celiac trunk (CT), superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arteries. The main aim of the present research study was to observe the CT with regard to (i) variations in the dimensions among different age groups compared to gender, (ii) the vertebral level of origin, and (iii) the variation in the branching pattern. This cross-sectional retrospective study was performed on 116 subjects (n = 91 males, n = 25 females) over one year. The CT was interpreted by using contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography. The results were assessed using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. The length and diameter between gender and the three age groups (i.e., 29 years and below, 30–39 years, and more than 40 years) were compared and a p-value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered significant. There was a significant difference in the length (p = 0.016) and diameter of the CT (p = 0.05) among males and females, respectively. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the length (p = 0.038) and diameter (p = 0.013) of the CT among the three age groups. Individuals aged 30–39 years had the highest mean for the length of the CT, while patients aged 29 years and younger had the highest diameter. The most common level for CT origin was at the vertebral level of the 12th thoracic vertebra (73.3%). Anatomical knowledge of the CT is important for diagnostic imaging, organ transplantations, and surgical and laparoscopic interventions.

Background/Objectives: The abdominal aorta (AA) bifurcates at the level of the L4 vertebra, giving origin to the right and left common iliac arteries (CIA). The CIA then bifurcates into external iliac arteries (EIA) and internal iliac arteries (IIA). The present radiological study aimed to (i) measure the diameter of the right and left CIA, (ii) measure the distance between the AA bifurcation and the point where the ureter crossed the ipsilateral iliac vessels, (iii) examine the angle of AA bifurcation, and (iv) observe the vertebral level at which the AA bifurcated. Methods: The retrospective cross-sectional study included contrast-enhanced CT angiograms of 200 patients (n = 144 males and 56 females) who attended the radiology department from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2023. Two independent radiologists interpreted the angiograms. The results were interpreted using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. Results: The mean angle of the AA bifurcation was 40.46° and 44.68° in males and females, respectively (p = 0.013). The mean diameter of the right and left CIA was wider in males than in females, but no statistical significance was found. The average distance between the AA bifurcation and the point where the right and left ureter crossed the ipsilateral iliac arteries was longer in females (60.99 and 60.29 mm, respectively) than in males (59.05 and 59.95 mm, respectively), but no statistical difference was found (p > 0.05). The most common vertebral level for AA bifurcation was the L4 vertebra, which was found in 137 (68.50%) patients. The AA bifurcated at the level of L3 and L5 in 52 (26.00%) and 11 (5.50%) patients, respectively. Conclusions: Understanding the radiological anatomy of the CIA and AA bifurcation and its relation to the ureter is crucial for surgeons performing aortic and pelvic surgeries.

The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is the second unpaired ventral branch of the abdominal aorta. The SMA supplies the abdominal organs that develop from the midgut. This study investigated the morphological characteristics of the SMA by (i) measuring its diameter in different sexes; (ii) assessing the vertical distance between the SMA and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) origins in males and females, and (iii) observing if the hepatic artery arose from the SMA instead of the celiac trunk. This retrospective cross-sectional study included the contrast-enhanced CT angiograms of 260 patients (n = 205 males and 55 females) who attended the Radiology department at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2023. All included patients were aged 19–50 years and had no history of vascular pathology that altered the vascular dimensions, nor had any history of major abdominal trauma or abdominal surgeries. The mean diameter of the SMA in the study population was 7.51 ± 1.11 mm. The mean diameter of the SMA was found to be wider in males (7.73 ± 1.05 mm) compared to females (6.71 ± 0.96 mm, p < 0.001). The mean distance between the SMA and IMA was 62.67 ± 10.91 mm. The average distance between SMA and IMA in males and females was found to be 63.36 ± 10.67 mm and 60.09 ± 11.48 mm (p = 0.048), respectively. Incidence of the right hepatic artery originating from SMA, accessory right hepatic artery, and common hepatic artery originating from SMA was 7.7%, 0.38%, and 2.3%, respectively. Prior anatomical knowledge of arteries is important for occlusion, bypass grafting, and endovascular surgeries involving SMA.

Background: The nasal index (NI) varies across populations. Nasal indices (NIs) characterize the human face. This study examined the NIs in the Omani population. The NI provides objective measures of facial morphology, contributing to population differentiation and anthropological research while also supporting forensic biological profiling and human identification. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 149 Omanis aged 18–24 years. We initially collected demographic data using a questionnaire and screened the participants for eligibility. A Housolution 0–300 mm digital sliding caliper (Shenzhen, China) was used to obtain the NI measurements. Two trained researchers independently performed the measurements. Continuous variables were summarized using mean ± standard deviation (SD), and associations between nasal measurements were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. Results: The NI was significantly higher in males than in females (68.4 ± 7.1 vs. 56.1 ± 6.8, respectively; p < 0.001). The most prevalent nasal type was leptorrhine (50.3%). Conclusions: This study provides descriptive data on the distribution of the NI in young Omani adults. These findings may support future comparative anthropometric studies but should not be interpreted as validated measures for forensic identification.