This study investigated the chemical constituents, antioxidant potential, and in vitro and in silico antidiabetic activity of Gymnema sylvestre. Column chromatography and spectroscopic techniques identified twelve compounds from the methanol extract, including 4 sterols (1-4), 5 triterpenoids (5-9), and 3 flavonoids (10-12). The chemophenetic significance of all compounds was also investigated. The antioxidant capacity of the extract and compounds (1-4) was evaluated using FRAP and DPPH assays. The extract exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 48.34 µg/mL), while compounds (1-4) displayed varying degrees of efficacy (IC₅₀ = 98.30-286.13 µg/mL). The FRAP assay indicated significant reducing power for both extract and compounds (58.54, 47.61, 56.61, and 49.11 mg Eq.VitC/g for extract and compounds 1 & 2, 3, and 4, respectively). The antidiabetic potential was assessed through α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays. The crude extract demonstrated the most potent inhibition (IC₅₀ = 218.46 and 57.42 µg/mL for α-glucosidase and α-amylase respectively) suggesting its potential for managing postprandial hyperglycaemia. In silico studies employed molecular docking and dynamics simulations to elucidate the interactions between identified compounds and α-amylase/α-glucosidase enzymes. The results revealed promising binding affinities between the compounds and target enzymes, with compound 6 demonstrating the highest predicted inhibitory activity with -10 kcal/mol and -9.1 kcal/mol for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. This study highlights the presence of diverse bioactive compounds in Gymnema sylvestre. The extract exhibits antioxidant properties and inhibits carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, suggesting its potential as a complementary therapeutic approach for managing hyperglycaemia associated with type 2 diabetes.

: The MALAT1, a huge non-coding RNA, recently came to light as a multifaceted regulator in the intricate landscape of breast cancer (BC) progression. This review explores the multifaceted functions and molecular interactions of MALAT1, shedding light on its profound implications for understanding BC pathogenesis and advancing therapeutic strategies. The article commences by acknowledging the global impact of BC and the pressing need for insights into its molecular underpinnings. It is stated that the core lncRNA MALAT1 has a range of roles in both healthy and diseased cell functions. The core of this review unravels MALAT1's multifaceted role in BC progression, elucidating its participation in critical processes like resistance, invasion, relocation, and proliferating cells to therapy. It explores the intricate mechanisms through which MALAT1 modulates gene expression, interacts with other molecules, and influences signalling pathways. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes MALAT1's clinical significance as a possible prognostic and diagnostic biomarker. Concluding on a forward-looking note, the review highlights the broader implications of MALAT1 in BC biology, such as its connections to therapy resistance and metastasis. It underscores the significance of deeper investigations into these intricate molecular interactions to pave the way for precision medicine approaches. This review highlights the pivotal role of MALAT1 in BC progression by deciphering its multifaceted functions beyond the genome, offering profound insights into its implications for disease understanding and the potential for targeted therapeutic interventions.

Tuberculosis, also known as TB, is a widespread bacterial infection that remains a significant global health issue. This study focuses on conducting a thorough investigation into the synthesis, evaluation of anti-Tb activity, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation of substituted benzimidazole derivatives. A series of twelve substituted benzimidazole derivatives (112) were successfully synthesized, employing a scaffold consisting of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups. The newly synthesized compounds were defined by their FTIR, ¹H NMR, and mass spectra. The microplate Alamar blue assay (MABA) was used to evaluate the antimycobacterial activity of the synthesized compound against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Compounds 7 (MIC=0.8g/mL) and 8 (MIC=0.8g/mL) demonstrated exceptional potential to inhibit M. tuberculosis compared to the standard drug (isoniazid). In addition, the synthesized compounds were docked with the Mtb KasA protein (PDB ID: 6P9K), and the results of molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation confirmed the experimental results, as compounds 7 and 8 exhibited the highest binding energy of 7.36 and 7.17kcal/mol, respectively. The simulation results such as the RMSD value, RMSF value, radius of gyration, and hydrogen bond analysis illustrated the optimum potential of compounds 7 and 8 to inhibit the M. tuberculosis strain. Hydrogen bond analysis suggested that compound 7 has greater stability and affinity towards the KasA protein compared to compound 8. Moreover, both compounds (7 and 8) were safe for acute inhalation and cutaneous sensitization. These two compounds have the potential to be potent M. tuberculosis inhibitors.

The investigation of the methanol extract of the flowers of Jacaranda mimosifolia led to the isolation and characterisation of fourteen secondary metabolites (1-14) by the means of chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis. These compounds include eight flavonoids sorted as two flavonols (1-2), three flavones (3, 7-8), and three isoflavones (4, 9-10), two glucoiridoids (5-6), and four triterpenoids sorted as one oleanane (11), one hopane (12), and two lupane (13-14). The in vitro antioxidant potential of all the isolated compounds was evaluated using the ABTS- and FRAP- methods, which demonstrated concentration-dependent activity. Chloroflavonin A (1) and 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone (2) demonstrated exceptional antioxidant activity, with scavenging rates of 98.63 % and 97.89 %, respectively, at a concentration of 300 μg/mL, and also showed strong ferric-reducing antioxidant power. Chloroflavonin A (1) demonstrated the most potent dual inhibitory effects on Cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) and NADPH-Oxidase-5 (NOX-5) enzymes, with binding affinities of -9.7 and -8.2 kcal/mol, respectively, indicating its potential as a strong anti-inflammatory compound. The molecular dynamics simulation, conducted with the Desmond v3.6, demonstrated the stability of the various complexes within the biological system. The findings indicate that compounds derived from Jacaranda mimosifolia may serve as potential therapeutic agents for the management of inflammation and oxidative stress.