Muhammad Sajjad completed his PhD at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), China, in May 2024. His research focused on graphene-based metasurfaces for electromagnetic wave manipulation, contributing to the fields of applied electromagnetics and antenna design. He holds an MS in Electrical Engineering from COMSATS University, Pakistan, and a BS in Telecommunication from the University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan. His expertise includes metasurfaces, FSS, and polarization conversion.