Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is extensively used as a spice and a coloring agent in Southeast Asia. Turmeric is used as a traditional remedy for cough, diabetic wounds, hepatic disorders, and rheumatism due to its antiseptic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Since the last few decades, extensive work has been done on turmeric and its constituents to explore its pharmacological actions. Curcumin is the main constituent of turmeric and is well demonstrated for its anti-inflammatory, hypoglycaemic, antioxidant, wound-healing, and antimicrobial activities. The functional neurons of the brain and synapses are lost in neurodegenerative disorders for which there is no permanent cure. Oxidative damage and inflammation play a role in age-related neurological disorders. The antioxidants have the ability to prevent different neurological disorders. Recent studies have shown that both turmeric and curcumin possess neuroprotective and cognitiveenhancing properties that help to prevent neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson’s disease. Different experimental studies have indicated the antioxidant and anti-ageing properties of turmeric and curcumin. Various studies have shown that curcumin acts as a strong barrier against neurological disorders and, hence, it may be a potential drug candidate for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review was to present the current pieces of evidence in the literature regarding the neuroprotective effects of turmeric and curcumin.

Many plants have been reported for the nanosynthesis of metal nanoparticles by virtue of the reducing potential of their bioactive compounds. Centella asiatica (CA) is one of the widely used plants, as claimed by traditional system of medicine, to have its positive effects on a variety of ailments. However, no research evidence indicates the synthesis of CA flavonoids extract (CACrF)-mediated gold nanoparticles (GNPs). In the present study, the initial synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) mediated by Centella asiatica crude flavonoids extract (CACrF) has been discussed. The protocol involves a one-step, non-toxic and cost effective procedure based on green nanotechnology avoiding the use of any synthetic chemicals potentially harmful for environment and biomedical applications. The CACrF was reacted with gold chloride, trihydrate (HAuCl4.3H2O) for the synthesis of GNPs. The reaction was carried out at room temperatures. The formation of GNPs was visually observed by a change in the color of solution from pale yellow to ruby pink. UV-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotomteric analysis was performed to verify the synthesis of CACrF-mediated GNPs. As a function of time, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) behavior of GNPs was evaluated to study the reaction kinetics and the UV-vis spectra were recorded after every 10 minutes up to 70 minutes. A single peak at 542 nm with absorbance of 0.475±0.039 indicated the synthesis of GNPs.

Of many neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia globally, which is still incurable even after decades of extensive research to find a definite and permanent cure. Accumulation of free radicals and acetylcholine (ACh) deficiency in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients are considered as the factors leading to dementia and cognitive problems. This is by mechanisms involving disturbance in the balance between the amount of free radicals and the antioxidant defense system along with cholinergic deficit leading to impaired cholinergic neurotransmission. Currently available anti-AD drug therapy carries only the partial benefit of slowing down the progression of disease besides having various side effects and, hence, there is a developing interest to search for new drugs. Plants have always been of special interest in the field of new drug discovery research by virtue of their enormous biological diversity and tremendous potential of bioactive molecules. Many herbs are known to ameliorate the symptoms related to memory and cognitive disorders. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. is one of the widely used plants claimed by the traditional system of medicine to have its positive effects on memory and brain functioning. The objective of this review is to present a comprehensive account on C. asiatica by summarizing the research until date related to its medicinal potential with a special focus on antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase (antiAChE) properties reflecting their potential therapeutic application for the treatment of AD.

Drawing on three foundational works: Hahnemann’s Materia Medica Pura (MMP, 1811–1833), Allen’s Encyclopedia of Pure Materia Medica (EPMM, 1874–79), and Hering’s Guiding Symptoms of Our Materia Medica (HGS, 1879–91), this article presents a computational analysis of the genealogical relationships and epistemological structures within classical homeopathic materia medica. Focused on a structured corpus of approximately 400,000 symptom records, the analysis examines editorial convergence, prover attribution hierarchies, verification depth, modality indexing, and linguistic fidelity across these classical texts. The results indicate that the Mind chapter has the lowest linguistic divergence between Allen and Hering across all 23 anatomical chapters examined, consistent with Hahnemann’s prescribing doctrine on the supremacy of mental symptoms; editorial convergence and clinical verification depth are orthogonal dimensions of analytical completeness – they do not covary – as illustrated by the contrasting profiles of Verbascum Thapsus and Arsenicum Album; and a three-tier modality hierarchy, based on the degree of cross-source preservation, offers practitioners a systematic framework for assessing prescribing confidence. The analysis also demonstrates that H.C. Allen’s Keynotes is a direct textual extraction from Hering’s Guiding Symptoms (Kishore, 1971), and that Kent’s Repertory draws heavily on the same Hering-Allen substrate, with direct implications for the interpretation of classical agreement. This study proposes a transparent evidential framework for critically engaging with the classical homeopathic corpus and delineates areas for systematic future research.

Drawing on three foundational works: Hahnemann's Materia Medica Pura (MMP, 1811-1833), Allen's Encyclopedia of Pure Materia Medica (EPMM, 1874-79), and Hering's Guiding Symptoms of Our Materia Medica (HGS, 1879-91), this article presents a computational analysis of the genealogical relationships and epistemological structures within classical homeopathic materia medica. Focused on a structured corpus of approximately 400,000 symptom records, the analysis examines editorial convergence, prover attribution hierarchies, verification depth, modality indexing, and linguistic fidelity across these classical texts. The results indicate that the Mind chapter has the lowest linguistic divergence between Allen and Hering across all 23 anatomical chapters examined, consistent with Hahnemann's prescribing doctrine on the supremacy of mental symptoms; editorial convergence and clinical verification depth are orthogonal dimensions of analytical completenessthey do not covary-as illustrated by the contrasting profiles of Verbascum thapsus and Arsenicum album; and a three-tier modality hierarchy, based on the degree of cross-source preservation, offers practitioners a systematic framework for assessing prescribing confidence. The analysis also demonstrates that H.C. Allen's Keynotes is a selective condensation derived directly from Hering's Guiding Symptoms and that Kent's Repertory draws heavily on the same Hering-Allen substrate, with direct implications for the interpretation of classical agreement. This study proposes a transparent evidential framework for critically engaging with the classical homeopathic corpus and delineates areas for systematic future research.