MUHAMMAD UMER MUSHTAQ received his Doctoral Degree in Control Science and Engineering from the Southwest University of Science and Technology (SWUST), China in June 2024, and is now pursuing a Postdoctoral Fellowship at Department of Computer Science in University of Pretoria, South Africa under the supervision of Professor Hein Venter since July 2024. Dr. Mushtaq has completed his Master's and bachelor's in software engineering from Bahria University Islamabad and UAJK Muzaffarabad, Pakistan, respectively. His research topics mainly include challenges in WSNs, UAV trajectory and altitude analysis, optimization of energy-efficient communication, outage probability analysis, and the integration of energy-harvesting technologies in wireless sensor networks.