The emergence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, particularly those are extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers, thought to pose a serious threat to global health. This study aimed to isolate and identify the ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae from captive wild and migratory birds in Bangladesh along with their antimicrobial resistance characteristics. In this investigation, standard bacteriological methods were used to detect K. pneumoniae in 219 fecal samples. The positive isolates were confirmed by PCR and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. K. pneumoniae was detected in 93 (42.47%, 95% CI: 35.8–49.3) out of 219 fecal samples. The prevalence of K. pneumoniae was higher in captive wild birds (50%; 40/80) compared to migratory birds (38.1%; 53/139). The isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin (69.9%) and streptomycin (64.5%). Conversely, the highest sensitivity was recorded for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (84.95%), followed by levofloxacin (79.57%) and gentamicin (69.89%). Molecular screening revealed that all positive isolates harbored bla_TEM-1&2 encoding genes, with 45.2% and 15.1% carried bla_SHV-1 and bla_OXA-1,4&30, respectively. Additionally, resistance genes strA (30.1%), tetA (9.7%), and sul1 (9.7%) were detected. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index ranged from 0.18 to 0.64, with 63.4% of isolates classified as MDR. The isolation of MDR and ESBL producing K. pneumoniae from captive wild and migratory birds suggests that these birds may serve as reservoirs for the spread of these bacteria, potentially impacting public health in the study region.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a transboundary, an infectious viral disease of cattle causing substantial economic losses due to skin damage and decreased animal production. This study aimed to determine the serological prevalence and molecular detection of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) from cattle in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh with assessment of risk factors. A total of 200 samples consists of whole blood (184), tissue (10) and pus (6) were collected from three different Upazilas of Mymensingh and tested using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The DNA was extracted from whole blood using a DNA extraction kit and kept at -20°C until further analysis. Extracted DNA was used in a PCR test to detect lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). Overall, the sero-prevalence of LSD among cattle in Mymensingh was 28.26% (52/184) (CI: 19.36-38.61). Fulbaria Upazilas showed the highest prevalence of 30% (24/80) compared to Mymensingh Sadar 24% (12/50) and Muktagacha 29.63% (16/54). Moreover, the risk of getting LSD infection was lower among cross breed (OR=0.27, CI: -0.1-0.75) and female animals (OR=0.39, CI: -0.15-1.03). Furthermore, freely grazing animal 29.17% (CI: 12.61-51.09) and young group 72.73% (CI: 39.03-93.98) of animal showed risk in having lumpy skin disease. LSD virus was detected in the sero-positive blood sample (100%), tissue sample (90%), and pus/edema fluid discovered (83.33%) after amplification of a 192 bp DNA fragment. The findings of this study will be helpful in creating efficient methods for identifying and managing LSD in Bangladesh and avoiding the financial losses connected with dairy production.