Massive growth in global electrical energy demand has necessitated a genuine exploration and integration of solar and wind energy into the electrical power mix. This incorporation goes a long way in improving the cumulative generated power capacity of the power system. However, wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) are intermittent in nature, making the provisioning of a good maximum power tracking (MPPT) scheme necessary. Furthermore, the integration is characterized by synchronization challenges and introduces various modes of power system oscillations as it is converter-driven. This greatly affects the overall stability of the integrated power mix. Consequently, various technological models have been designed to address these challenges ranging from MPPT schemes, phase-lock loop (PLL), virtual synchronous generator (VSG), power system stabilizers (PSS), flexible AC transmission system (FACTS), coordinated control and artificial intelligence (AI). In this work, a multi-machine power system model is reviewed for integration stability studies. Various technical solutions associated with the integration are also reviewed. MPPT, PLL, VSG, PSS, FACTS, coordinated control, and various optimization technique schemes used for damping controller design are discussed.

Power electronics application in electric vehicles (EVs) technology has drastically ease the stress of conveyances and also a major substitute to petrol engines in modern days. It is still faced with numerous challenges like battery power density, battery management and equalization charging which has really limit its evolution. In this work, a run-through of the research work associated to the battery imbalance revolution module in electric vehicles (EVs) applications is offered. Simulation for the foremost battery equalizer circuit topologies with matching commencing situation was used, numerical analysis was performed and result acquired. The significant values, key interest, challengeable and framework related to the battery equalizer module and recommendation for future research were also provided. Appreciable and advanced approach for battery equalizer circuit and applications which will offer a lead contribution for such tremendous development were employed.

Over the past decades, world leaders and engineers have made tremendous attempts to meet rising energy needs while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Their initiatives increase the demand for the incorporation of large-scale renewable energy resources into current electrical systems. The dominating renewable energy resources' intermittent nature, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) hinders their efficient integration by posing operational and technological hurdles. PV grid-connected capacity has expanded sustainably with the ongoing advancement of PV technology. The PV grid-connected technology has had a significant impact on the mechanism of system instability and the distribution of oscillation centers owing to the stochastic volatility and indirectness of PV power. A review of power system oscillation on grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems and their effects is presented in this paper. Research has shown that the oscillation center will move between different lines as a result of the PV grid's location changing, which alters the system's corresponding external characteristics. The frequency of oscillation center migration increases as the fault location gets closer to the PV grid-connected position.

In the aviation industry, radio detection and ranging is employed to evaluate the height, distance, bearing, size, trajectory or velocity of both dynamic and static objects. Ultrasonic waves can also be used instead of electromagnetic waves in ultrasonic sensor. This research paper presents the real time implementation of a less-expensive ultrasonic detection and ranging system built based on Arduino Uno 328 microcontroller. It utilizes ultrasonic sensors attached to a servo motor which rotates from 00 to 3600 to detect an object in range within 400cm which passes the data to an Arduino microcontroller, this then gives visual representation on the software called Processing-3.5.4 software (Processing development Environment) java language. The Processing displays on an LED (Light Emitting Diode) screen graphical information such as bearing, size, range and position of the object depends on the proximity of the object to the ranging system. Result obtained shows a maximum a good maximum error of 7 % for the test object considered. Hence, this system can be deployed in the field.