3D-Co 3 O 4 nanowires were grown on anodized stainless steel (SSA) using a simple hydrothermal technique, with SSA as a cost-effective porous substrate. The originality of this work is to enhance surface activity and material adhesion by anodizing stainless steel (SS). After growth, the nanowires were thermally treated at 400 °C for 2 h. By varying the SS anodization time from 0 to 900s, changes in the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of Co 3 O 4 were observed. XRD analysis confirmed the polycrystalline nature of Co 3 O 4 with a face-centered cubic phase. SEM imaging showed noticeable changes in density and surface roughness. Supercapacitive properties were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques, with SSANWs-300 exhibiting the highest specific capacitance of 529 Fg -1 . Dunn's method was used to analyze the contribution of capacitive and diffusive mechanisms to charge storage. EIS results indicated excellent electronic conductivity. The study suggests that SSANWs-300 holds promise for energy storage applications.

Introduction: This study investigates the In Vitro antifungal activity of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO₂ NPs) against mycotoxigenic Fusarium brachygibbosum species, a fungus posing a significant threat to olive trees in Tunisia.Methods: Two different doses of SiO₂ NPs (100 and 200 mg kg ^-1 ) were used to evaluate its effect on fungal growth, mycotoxin production, and virulence capability of tested F. brachygibbosum strain.Results and Discussion: While mycelial growth was not influenced by SiO₂ NPs, a notable increase in macroconidia sporulation was observed at the highest dose tested. Scanning electron microscopy revealed structural alterations in fungal hyphae treated with SiO₂ NPs, including hyphal disorganization after the adherence of nanoparticles. Furthermore, SiO₂ NPs influenced oxidative stress in Fusarium, with varying effects on hydrogen peroxide levels, total antioxidant activity, and total phenolic compounds, modulating the capability of the fungus to produce mycotoxins. Indeed, fusaric acid and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol amounts decreased in presence of SiO₂, while an increasing level of neosolaniol and diacetoxyscirpenol was observed. Pathogenicity tests on olive and sorghum leaves revealed a reduction of disease severity in SiO₂ treated samples compared to untreated controls, showcasing the potential of SiO₂ NPs as a sustainable alternative for managing Fusarium infections. These findings underline the potential use of SiO₂ NPs as environmentally friendly and effective tool in integrated pest management strategies against F. brachygibbosum as well as other Fusarium species occurring on olive trees. Further research is warranted to optimize their application and understand their interactions with both the pathogen and the host plant.

In the pursuit of sustainable and flexible electronics, polymer-based conductive films offer a promising solution due to their biodegradability, mechanical flexibility, and cost-effective fabrication. This study presents the development of a highly conductive and flexible nanocomposite material based on polyaniline-grafted chitosan (PANI-g-Chs) and Vinavil (Vi, a vinyl glue specifically designed for enhancing the sealability of textiles and paper), serving as a matrix for applications in flexible electronics. The PANI-g-Chs nanocomposite was synthesized via in situ oxidative polymerization, where chitosan nanoparticles (Chs) served as a stabilizing template to prevent PANI aggregation, reducing the particle size from 1700 nm (pristine PANI) to 180 nm (PANI-g-Chs). The resulting composite exhibited exceptional electrical conductivity (77.79 S/m at 25 wt% PANI-g-Chs). Hall effect measurements showed that the carrier mobility increased up to 1162.7 cm²/V·s and the carrier density rose to 6.5.1017 cm⁻³, confirming efficient charge transport and network formation. Mechanical analysis revealed a 300% increase in the storage modulus for PANI-g-Chs, and thermal studies confirmed stability up to 300 °C. Optical characterization showed a reduced bandgap (3.6 eV) and extended π-conjugation, which are critical for optoelectronic applications. Application tests demonstrated stable conductivity under mechanical deformation, highlighting the material’s potential for use in flexible electronics, sensors, and sustainable conductive coatings. This work offers a viable alternative to conventional conductive polymers.