Intravoxel incoherent motion can be applied for liver fibrosis detection with good image quality and acceptable reproducibility by using a respiratory-triggered bipolar diffusion-weighted sequence ... PurposeTo optimize intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging by estimating the effects of diffusion gradient polarity and breathing acquisition scheme on image quality, si...

Background: Glycosphingolipid accumulation in Fabry cells generates a proinflammatory response that may influence disease evolution and responsiveness to enzyme replacement therapy. This study evaluated incidence, mechanism, and impact of myocarditis in Fabry disease cardiomyopathy ( FDCM ). Methods and Results: Myocarditis, defined as CD 3 ⁺ T lymphocytes >7/mm ² associated with necrosis of glycolipid‐laden myocardiocytes, was retrospectively evaluated in endomyocardial biopsies from 78 patients with FDCM : 13 with maximal wall thickness (MWT) 20 mm (group 4). Myocarditis was investigated by polymerase chain reaction for cardiotropic viruses, by serum antiheart and antimyosin antibodies, and by cardiac magnetic resonance. Myocarditis was recognized at histology in 48 of 78 patients with FDCM (38% of group 1, 41% of group 2, 66% of group 3, and 72% of group 4). Myocarditis was characterized by positive antiheart and antimyosin antibodies and negative polymerase chain reaction for viral genomes. CD 3 ⁺ cells/mm ² correlated with myocyte necrosis, antimyosin autoantibody titer, and MWT ( P <0.001, r =0.79; P <0.001, r =0.84; P <0.001, r =0.61, respectively). Cardiac magnetic resonance showed myocardial edema in 24 of 78 patients (31%): 0% of group 1, 23% of group 2, 37% of group 3, and 50% of group 4. Conclusions: Myocarditis is detectable at histology in up to 56% of patients with FDCM . It is immune mediated and correlates with disease severity. It can be disclosed by antiheart/antimyosin autoantibodies and in the advanced phase by cardiac magnetic resonance. It may contribute to progression of FDCM and resistance to enzyme replacement therapy.

Early myocardial T1 shortening can be used to quantify myocardial hyperemia in participants with acute myocarditis. Background Hyperemia is a key component of acute myocarditis (AM). Early gadolinium uptake because of myocardial hyperemia may be quantified by using T1 mapping. Purpose To evaluate the value of ea...

Background The right ventricle (RV) has been defined as the “forgotten chamber”, as its role in cardiac physiopathology has long been underestimated. Nevertheless, the RV is involved in a wide range of pathological conditions and its altered function may significantly affect the patient’s clinical status. Methods A selection of the most common cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) features in a spectrum of pathological conditions is illustrated. Although its complex morphology, thin myocardium and trabeculated apex, RV can be accurately imaged by CMR, revealing its involvement in ischaemic and non-ischaemic heart disease. CMR has emerged as the pre-eminent modality in monitoring ventricular performance in congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypertension and cardiomyopathies. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is a difficult diagnosis and the recently revised task force criteria confirmed a crucial role of CMR to increase diagnostic accuracy, by combining detection of RV dilation, regional wall motion and structural abnormalities. Moreover, a multiparametric approach of CMR is often necessary for delineation and characterisation of cardiac masses. Conclusion CMR, combining assessment of morphology, structure and function, has definitively emerged as the reference technique to evaluate a large variety of RV diseases. Teaching Points • CMR offers unique advantages for imaging of many RV congenital, ischaemic and non-ischaemic diseases. • Because of high reproducibility, CMR has a crucial role in decision-making for chronic RV pathology. • The use of CMR increases detection of RV disease as infarction or arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.