This paper presents an optimal method for optimizing network reconfiguration problems in a power distribution system in order to enhance reliability and reduce power losses. Network reconfiguration can be viewed as an optimization problem involving a set of criteria that must be reduced when adhering to various constraints. The energy not supplied (ENS) during permanent network faults and active power losses are the objective functions that are optimized in this study during the reconfiguration phase. These objectives are expressed mathematically and will be integrated into various optimization algorithms used throughout the study. To begin, a mathematical formulation of the objectives to be optimized, as well as all the constraints that must be met, is proposed. Then, to solve this difficult combinatorial problem, we use the exhaustive approach, genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) on an IEEE 33-bus electrical distribution network. Finally, a performance evaluation of the proposed approaches is developed. The results show that optimizing the distribution network topology using the PSO approach contributed significantly to improving the reliability, node voltage, line currents, and calculation time.

A narrowband tunable transmission optical filters according to hybrid dielectric/ superconductor quasi-photonic structures are designed using the transfer-matrix method (TMM) and The two-fluid model. The structure layers are arranged using Generalized Thue-Morse (GTM) sequence and made of Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) and SiO₂ materials. Multi-transmission peaks and sub-photonic-band-gaps (SPBG) can be generated inside the basic photonic-band-gap (PBG) and can be manipulated by the Thue-Morse sequence parameters, the layers' thickness and the operating temperature of superconductors. Also by applying a deformation law on the layers' thickness, the width of the sub-photonic-band-gaps can be enlarged. The designed structures can be used as a tunable multichannel filters, temperature sensing and can be very useful in the optical-communication field.