This article presents the results of long-term research and monitoring of the soil cover exposed to the impact of the mining and processing plant developing diamond deposits in the northeast of Siberia. The soil collection includes 436 samples of different types of Cryosols. Soil pH; soil organic carbon (SOC); granulometric composition; and mobile forms of Pb, Ni, Mn, Cd, Co, Cr, Zn, Cu, and As were identified in the samples. Multivariate statistics of the correlation matrix, clustering analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to determine the sources of heavy metals. The intensity of the accumulation of chemical elements in the soil was assessed using calculated concentration coefficients (K_c) and the index of total contamination of the soil cover (Z_c). In the study area, Cryosols are characterized by biogenic accumulation of Ni, Mn, and Cd in the upper soil layer and Cr, Ni, Co, Mn, and Cu in the suprapermafrost horizon. Correlation matrix, CA, and PCA revealed three distinct sources that could be considered for the investigated potentially toxic elements (PTEs): anthropogenic, lithogenic, and the source which comes from a mixed contribution of anthropogenic and lithogenic factors. The most anthropogenic contribution in the heavy metals in the study area appears in Zn, Cd, As, and Pb. The assessment interpreted that origin of Mn in the area is most likely to be a natural source. The content of Co, Cr, and Ni are controlled by both lithogenic control and anthropogenic sources. Active accumulation of mobile forms of Mn, Zn, and Ni with anomalously high concentration coefficients can be traced in the soils in the impact zone of mining operations. Anthropogenic soil contamination is spread over an area of 260 km².

Цель – анализ природно-климатических факторов в зоне активного развития процессов засоления почв северотаежных ландшафтов на северо-западе Якутии на примере промышленной площадки Айхальского горно-обогатительного комбината (АГОК АК «АЛРОСА» (ПАО)). Материалы и методы. Анализ климатических факторов произведен по массиву данных метеостанции Шелагонцы за период с 1985 по 2019 годы, подготовленному в Главной геофизической обсерватории им. А. И. Воейкова. Рассмотрены ход многолетних среднегодовых температур и сумма годовых осадков. Рассчитаны коэффициент увлажнения, испаряемость, индекс аридности и коэффициент континентальности. Результаты и обсуждение. В ходе работ установлено, что на территории исследования наблюдается достоверный рост среднегодовых и внутрисезонных температур воздуха, максимальный их рост приходится на весенний период (+4,6 ºС). Количество осадков наряду с коэффициентом увлажнения имеют нисходящий тренд при одновременном повышении испаряемости на протяжении исследуемого периода. Совокупность этих факторов могут способствовать аккумуляции солей в верхних горизонтах почв. Выводы. Территория исследования характеризуется крайне-континентальным сильно аридным климатом с отрицательными среднегодовыми температурами, достаточным увлажнением и хорошо расчлененным рельефом. Анализ природно-климатических факторов показал отсутствие объективных предпосылок к развитию процессов природного засоления почв. Распространение площадного галогенеза на территории промышленной площадки имеет техногенный характер, а источником солей при этом являются отвалы пустых пород.

Today the diamond mining and oil and gas industries are developing most intensively in Western Yakutia. The extraction of minerals is preceded by the regional, prospecting and exploration stages of geological exploration. At the same time, the modern system of environmental regulation used in assessing the impact of geological exploration on the environment is insufficient and imperfect, especially for large-scale exploration for oil and gas. It is required development special environmental standards for environmental impact during the implementation of geological projects. This article the areas of lands disturbed due to geological exploration have been identified and calculated. The scale of geological prospecting technogenesis has been revealed, which has a significant regional...

Relevance. In recent years, the issue of sustainable and comfortable environmental conditions has been becoming increasingly relevant. Unfavourable environmental impacts lead to disruptions in the intake of chemical elements into the body, which, in its turn, contributes to the development of various pathologies. One such pathology is the formation of gallstones. Aim. To identify possible interrelations between the impact of natural lithogenic and anthropogenic factors and the structure, mineralogical, and trace element composition of human biominerals in sparsely populated areas of the North. Methods. Spectral methods of analysis, X-ray phase analysis, and statistical methods were used to examine the samples. Results and conclusions. The authors have studied the gallstones from inhabitants of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). They analyzed the mineralogical, macroelemental (K, Na), and microelemental (Mn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cd, As, Ti, Bi, Zr, Au, Ta, Sb, Ga, W, Cr, Ge, Ba, Be, Nb, Sn, V, Mo, Li, La, In, Sc, Yb, Y, Ag, Co, Sr) composition of the gallstone samples. It was found that the concentrations of elements in gallstones are distributed in the following order: Na>K>Mn>Cu>Pb>Ni>Zn>Bi>Cd>As, which may indicate specific environmental or metabolic affects. The elemental concentrations followed the order Na > K > Mn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Zn > Bi > Cd > As, suggesting specific environmental or metabolic influences. The trace element results were compared with previously published data from Siberian regions of Russia and other countries. Additionally, the paper provides the data on the mineralogical composition of gallstones, which includes cholesterol and its derivatives, bilirubin, phosphate, and calcium carbonates (vaterite, calcite). The authors employed descriptive statistics to analyze possible relationships between mineral and trace element compositions, sex, age, and area of residence, allowing for a quantitative assessment of trace element variations during gallstone formation. For citation: Legostaeva Ya.B., Vasileva T.I., Shadrinova O.V. Mineral composition and geochemical features of choleoliths of Yakutia residents. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering, 2026, vol. 337, no. 5, pp. 94-105. https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2026/5/5106