Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a gram-negative environmental micro-organism- which causes intramammary infections in mammals, In addition, to cause food poisoning in human. Four hundred samples were obtained from various areas of the dairy farm . Fifty samples from each of bedding, soils, feces, feed, milk, water, workers hands, and flies were randomly collected from different regions located around Nineveh Governorate between September 2020 and January 2021. E. coli isolates were identifed using the classical methods based on the morphological and biochemical methods for the detection the E. coli isolates and PCR had been used to detect the uidA gene in it. The results of our study revealed that out of 400 samples collected from different dairy herds, 140 (35%) of E. coli were positive. The percentage of E. coli isolated from flies, bedding, feces, milk, soils, feed, water, and worker's hands was 76% (38/50), 46% (23/50), 38% (19/50), 34% (17/50), 28% (14/50), 28% (14/50), 18% (9/50), and 12% (6/50), respectively. All the positive E. coli isolates have been possessing the uidA gene which is the species-specific gene .The results of classical methods had concurred with the results of the PCR test. The current study showed that milk, workers' hand, and flies played an important role to spread E. coli in the dairy farms. The PCR technique is a rapid method that helps to give the suitable drugs in the treatment of the cattle suffered from mastitis and prevent E. coli from distribution among the dairy herds.

Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is deemed as one of the main pathogens in human and animals. S. aureus can produce various toxins that usually implicated in food poisoning. S. aureus could possess the mecA gene, which is the principle cause of β-lactam antibiotics resistance, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Broiler’s meat is worthy food for humans, but it may expose to contamination with MRSA during the poultry processes in the slaughterhouse. The current study aimed to assessment the spread of S. aureus and MRSA in the broiler carcasses via detection the nuc and mecA gene and their resistance to different antibiotics. Fifty skin swabs were taken from the broilers carcasses, during their processing in poultry slaughterhouses that scattered in various districts in the Nineveh Governorate during the period between January to April 2020. The results showed that S. aureus was recovered in broiler’s skin swabs at a percentage of 66% (33/50) which confirmed by nuc gene, while MRSA isolates constitute 40% (20/50) of all S. aureus isolates, and distinguished as MRSA by their possessing mecA gene. All MRSA isolates were resistant to Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Methicillin, and Ampicillin/Cloxacillin antibiotics. The present study stressed on the reduction as much as any possible source of broiler carcasses contamination with S. aureus including MRSA during and post poultry processing, through applying high levels of hygienic conditions in all poultry processing premises to attain high standards of sustainability and public health standards.