Emotion is an interdisciplinary research field investigated by many research areas such as psychology, philosophy, computing, and others. Emotions influence how we make decisions, plan, reason, and deal with various aspects. Automated human emotion recognition (AHER) is a critical research topic in Computer Science. It can be applied in many applications such as marketing, human–robot interaction, electronic games, E-learning, and many more. It is essential for any application requiring to know the emotional state of the person and act accordingly. The automated methods for recognizing emotions use many modalities such as facial expressions, written text, speech, and various biosignals such as the electroencephalograph, blood volume pulse, electrocardiogram, and others to recognize emotions. The signals can be used individually(uni-modal) or as a combination of more than one modality (multi-modal). Most of the work presented is in laboratory experiments and personalized models. Recent research is concerned about in the wild experiments and creating generic models. This study presents a comprehensive review and an evaluation of the state-of-the-art methods for AHER employing machine learning from a computer science perspective and directions for future research work.

The study proposes a novel model for DNA sequence classification that combines machine learning methods and a pattern-matching algorithm. This model aims to effectively categorize DNA sequences based on their features and enhance the accuracy and efficiency of DNA sequence classification. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated using various machine learning algorithms, and the results indicate that the SVM linear classifier achieves the highest accuracy and F1 score among the tested algorithms. This finding suggests that the proposed model can provide better overall performance than other algorithms in DNA sequence classification. In addition, the proposed model is compared to two suggested algorithms, namely FLPM and PAPM, and the results show that the proposed model outperforms these algorithms in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The study further explores the impact of pattern length on the accuracy and time complexity of each algorithm. The results show that as the pattern length increases, the execution time of each algorithm varies. For a pattern length of 5, SVM Linear and EFLPM have the lowest execution time of 0.0035 s. However, at a pattern length of 25, SVM Linear has the lowest execution time of 0.0012 s. The experimental results of the proposed model show that SVM Linear has the highest accuracy and F1 score among the tested algorithms. SVM Linear achieved an accuracy of 0.963 and an F1 score of 0.97, indicating that it can provide the best overall performance in DNA sequence classification. Naive Bayes also performs well with an accuracy of 0.838 and an F1 score of 0.94. The proposed model offers a valuable contribution to the field of DNA sequence analysis by providing a novel approach to pre-processing and feature extraction. The model’s potential applications include drug discovery, personalized medicine, and disease diagnosis. The study’s findings highlight the importance of considering the impact of pattern length on the accuracy and time complexity of DNA sequence classification algorithms.

This paper provides a thorough review of recommendation methods from academic literature, offering a taxonomy that classifies recommender systems (RSs) into categories like collaborative filtering, content-based systems, and hybrid systems. It examines the effectiveness and challenges of these systems, such as filter bubbles, the "cold start" issue, and the reliance on collaborative filtering and content-based approaches. We trace the development of RSs, emphasizing the role of machine learning and deep learning models in overcoming these challenges and delivering more accurate, personalized, and context-aware recommendations. We also highlight the increasing significance of ethical considerations, including fairness, transparency, and trust, in the design of RSs. The paper presents a structured literature review, discussing various aspects of RSs, such as collaborative filtering, personalized recommender systems, and strategies to improve system robustness. It also points out the limitations of the existing approaches and suggests promising research directions for the future. In summary, this paper offers a comprehensive analysis of RSs, focusing on their evolution, challenges, and potential future improvements, particularly in enhancing accuracy, diversity, and ethical practices in recommendations.