Background: Shirakiopsis indica (Willd)., commonly known as Sa-Mor-Ta-Lay in Thailand, is a mangrove plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. As mangrove plants’ medicinal potentials are less explored, this study sought to qualitatively and quantitatively verify the bioactive components of Shirakiopsis indica fruits methanolic extract (SIF-ME) at the side of its analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects followed by in-silico studies. Methods: The in-vivo assessments of analgesic activity involved the hot plate test, acetic acid-induced writhing test, and formalin-induced licking test. The anti-inflammatory efficacy was assessed through the human RBC membrane stabilization assay (HRBC), protein denaturation assay, and xylene-induced ear edema methods. Antioxidant potential was implemented by the DPPH scavenging method. Results: The SIF-ME consistently displayed significant anti-nociceptive activity in a dose-dependent pattern (p < 0.05). The maximum analgesic activity was found in the highest dose (200 mg/kg; p < 0.001) in a hot plate, acetic acid-induced writhing test 43.47%, and in formalin-induced licking test in both early phase (43.3%; p < 0.01) and late phase (61.84%; p < 0.001%). The extract provided optimal protection against hemolysis (83.41% decrease) at 1000 μg/mL and significantly inhibited protein denaturation (67.34– 26.05%) at doses of 1000– 62.5 μg/mL. At 200 mg/kg, the extract showed dose-dependent and substantial inhibition (54.07%; p < 0.01) of xylene-induced ear edema. The in-vitro DPPH (IC₅₀ = 469.5 μg/mL) results showed remarkable scavenging activity and concentration-dependent reducing power. The extract demonstrates no acute oral toxicity, as indicated by an LD₅₀ value exceeding 1000 mg/kg body weight. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis was performed which yielded sixty bioactive compounds. In-silico and molecular docking studies revealed favorable pharmacological properties, including good binding affinities and ADME/T profiles. Conclusion: These results support the medicinal use of the plant, which makes it a potential source of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant candidates.

Background Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott, known as the taro vegetable, possesses various beneficial effects and is traditionally used in folk medicine. This study explores the ameliorative anti-oxidant and hepatoprotective effect of a methanolic extract of the Colocasia esculenta flower (ME-CEF) against oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity in mice. Methods The antioxidant efficacy of ME-CEF was assessed using ABTS and DPPH scavenging assay. The hepatoprotective effect was investigated by an assessment of liver injury indicators (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, creatinine) and normalizing lipid profiles (CHO, TG, LDL, and HDL) along with histopathological study and anti-oxidant enzymes (CAT). A qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was performed, including GC-MS/MS analysis and an in-silico molecular docking study. Results The result showed that ME-CEF possesses moderate ABTS and DPPH scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values of 117.18 and 160.41 µg/ml. As illustrated by reducing liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, creatinine) and lipid profile (CHO, TG, LDL) and raising HDL levels (p < 0.01), ME-CEF dose-dependently mitigated CCl₄-induced acute liver injury. Furthermore, ME-CEF blocked hepatic oxidative stress by boosting anti-oxidant enzymes (CAT) and Preventing liver tissue damage and apoptosis. In silico investigations also showed an auspicious binding affinity with TNF-α, IL-6, PRAP-1, Xanthin oxidoreductase which displayed antioxidant and hepatoprotective candidacy while notable safety and efficacy profile was also documented through ADME/T studies. Histopathological analysis showed reduced hepatocellular necrosis and vascular congestion in silymarin and extract groups. Conclusion Based on these results, our findings strongly recommend the medicinal use of the plant, highlighting its antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials.

Background: The most underdiagnosed electrolyte disorder is hypomagnesemia, which occurs due to a lack of magnesium in the body. Hypomagnesemia is a common condition in severely ill patients, along with many other electrolyte abnormalities, such as hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hyponatremia. Hypomagnesemia, if not identified and corrected at the appropriate time, can cause life-threatening complications and an increase in mortality. Aims and objectives: To investigate the relationship between hypomagnesemia and patient outcomes in critically ill individuals, along with other criteria: age, sex, primary medical conditions, electrolytes, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II (APACHE II) scores, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, Charlson Comorbidity Index, ventilator support, intensive care unit (ICU) stay length, and mortality rate in the critical care unit after admission. Materials and methods: A single-center, prospective observational study was conducted in the ICU department of a tertiary care hospital. The study duration was from 1 July 2024 to 31 December 2024. Patients aged 18–80 years, of either gender, who were among the severely ill patients admitted to the ICU, were included in the study. Within 24 hours of hospitalization, serum magnesium levels and other tests were performed. Patient care and progress were closely monitored until the outcome was achieved. SPSS 27 was used to analyze the data. Results: Of the 81 patients in critical condition, 32 (39.5%) had hypomagnesemia, 40 (47.3%) had normomagnesemia, and 9 (11.1%) had hypermagnesemia. In patients with hypomagnesemia, the mean serum magnesium level was 1.26 ± 0.28 mg/dl. The mean APACHE II score was 16.96 ± 7.19, SOFA was 5.59 ± 2.83, and the mean ICU stay was 6.21 ± 2.09 days. Common comorbidities were hypertension in 27 patients (54%) and diabetes mellitus in 21 patients (41.2%) in the hypomagnesemia group. Higher mortality (11 patients, 34.37%) was associated with hypomagnesemia, and sepsis (12.3%) was the most common cause. Conclusions: A longer ICU length of stay was associated with hypomagnesemia, APACHE II and SOFA scores, other electrolyte abnormalities, and high mortality.

Background and Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and associated with severe complications affecting multiple organs. The limitations and adverse effects of currently available antidiabetic drugs have encouraged the exploration of medicinal plants as alternative therapeutic agents. The present study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic potential of the methanolic fruit extract of Ficus hispida (MEFH) in alloxan-induced diabetic mice and to support the findings through computational approaches. Methods Experimental diabetes was induced in Swiss albino mice by alloxan administration. The diabetic animals were treated orally with MEFH at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, while glibenclamide was used as the standard drug. Blood glucose levels, body weight, serum biochemical markers, and lipid profile were evaluated. Preliminary phytochemical screening, molecular docking, pharmacokinetic analysis, and toxicity prediction were also performed to identify possible bioactive compounds and their mechanisms of action. Results MEFH treatment significantly reduced blood glucose levels and improved body weight and biochemical parameters in diabetic mice in a dose-dependent manner. The extract also restored altered lipid profile markers and exhibited no significant acute toxicity. In silico studies demonstrated favorable binding affinities of several phytochemicals against diabetes-related target proteins, with acceptable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles. Conclusion The combined in vivo and in silico findings suggest that Ficus hispida fruit extract possesses notable antidiabetic activity and may serve as a promising natural source for the development of novel antidiabetic agents. Further studies are required to isolate the active constituents and validate their clinical potential.

ABSTRACT Background: There is no doubt that dengue will soon become an epidemic or at least endemic in a country like Bangladesh, especially with dengue cases surging regionally and the movement of dengue-infected individuals within and between countries. The rapid evolution and adaptation rate of DENV and its symptomatic similarities with other febrile or flaviviral illnesses are creating a clinical diagnosis conundrum. The dengue virus employs a complex and intricate strategy for pathogenesis, allowing it to bypass various antiviral defence systems of our immune system. As a result, dengue symptoms vary from person to person and affect multiple organs, ultimately leading to death. This ongoing trend is exhausting, leaving our healthcare system exhausted when dealing with and attempting to prevent it. This systematic review highlights the clinical and medical aspects of the complicated immune responses and the molecular insights of dengue fever. Methods: A search was conducted in the Web of Science database for original articles published in life sciences and molecular journals between 2008 and 2024. The search strategy encompassed the subjects "generalised linear mixed models," "hierarchical generalised linear models," and "multilevel generalised linear models," with a specific focus on the science and technology research domain. Exclusion criteria were articles that focused solely on methodological considerations without application, or were not related to molecular studies or were not written in English. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Results: Out of 410 articles identified using our search terms, 95 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Papers screened for information collection were based on content similarity, irrelevance to either the clinical or medical field, or unsuitable for our search category. Some articles were also omitted because they suggested experimental inconsistency with other studies. As we sorted, 7.8% of articles were duplicated, 3.27% were inconsistent, and 19.50% were not found in impact factor journals. Apart from these, 37.04% of articles were excluded after reviewing titles and abstracts for being non-original, and the remaining 66.48% did not entirely represent molecular studies of Dengue.Conclusions: This study aims to unravel molecular-level misalignments in signalling pathways induced by DENV interference, linking them to severity and potential clinical manifestations. This

Background: Inherited hemoglobin disorders are among the major public health burdens in Bangladesh, which lies within the world's thalassemia belt. Although the disease has a high carrier rate, limited data on the phenotypic spectrum, hematological profile, and iron status across different genotypic groups and by gender are available in the metropolitan areas of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequency of various types of genetic hemoglobin disorders, compare hematological and iron profiles across seven inherited hemoglobinopathies, and evaluate sex differences in these factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 636 patients referred for assessment of hemoglobin disorders. Hemoglobin fractionation was done by capillary electrophoresis. Blood parameter analysis was done, including complete blood count (CBC). Serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and serum ferritin were also analyzed, with sex as a stratification variable. Results: A total of 636 samples with 366 (57.55%) Hb E heterozygotes, 138 (21.70%) β-thalassemia heterozygotes, 63 (9.91%) Hb E/β-thalassemia compound heterozygotes, 48 (7.55%) Hb E homozygotes, 13 (2.04%) β-thalassemia homozygotes, 6 (0.94%) Hb S heterozygotes, and 2 (0.31%) Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) heterozygotes. The mean proportion of HbE was 22.5% in HbE heterozygotes, 55.34% in HbE/β-thalassemia, and 90.6% in HbE homozygotes, respectively. Hb E/β-thalassemia and β-thalassemia homozygotes exhibited the most severe anemia, with mean Hb (<7.5g/dL) and mean HCT (900 µg/L) and serum iron (>125 µg/dL), and lower TIBC levels, compared with other hemoglobinopathy subtypes, indicating iron overload. Heterozygous conditions (Hb E, β-thalassemia, and Hb S) showed fewer hematological abnormalities. Differences in iron-related measurements were also identified based on sex across all genetic types. Conclusion: HbE heterozygosity is the most prevalent inherited hemoglobinopathy in this study population, consistent with Bangladesh's regional epidemiological profile. Hematological parameters showed significant sex differences, yet iron overload has a genotype-dependent gradient. These findings highlight the significance of genotype-specific, sex-based clinical assessment and iron monitoring in patients with inherited hemoglobinopathy in resource-limited settings.