Previous studies have shown that gender differences play a substantial role in the influence of mental disorders. This study was designed to investigate gender differences in mental disorders by presenting odd ratio (OR) trends and cumulative effects over a period of 13 years in Thailand. This observational study used hospital data from the Ministry of Public Health on selected patients admitted to inpatient departments in public hospitals with mental disorders, according to ICD-10 cause groups from 2007 to 2019, counting from more than 1,90,000 cases in 2007 to more than 4,00,000 cases in 2019. Data were collected from the Thailand Ministry of Public Health website. The results indicate that compared to women, men were positively related to five mental disorders revealed by the OR and the ratio per 100,000 population (mean and SD): psychoactive alcohol use (OR = 7.31-9.07, 271.19 (59.26)), substance abuse (OR = 5.06-7.82, 59.25 (33.71)), schizophrenia (OR = 1.64-1.93, 108.32 (19.62)), mental retardation (OR = 1.15-1.58, 10.64 (1.88)), and other mental and behavioral disorders (OR = 1.10-1.55, 70.67 (22.75)). Three mental disorders in men were found to be negatively related: neurotic and related disorders (OR=.34-.46, 27.98 (3.26)), mood (affective) disorders (OR = .44-.56, 31.91 (9.59)), and dementia (OR = .78-10.82, 13.75 (2.73)). Gender can become a key biological element that contributes to the dissimilarity of mental illness. Preventive care for men and women should, therefore, be prioritized for health conditions separately. More specifically, screening and detection, and providing appropriate intervention.

Individual’s decision to cooperate with disease prevention varies based on their respective health beliefs and common factors that motivate actions. Previous research has found that pandemic anxiety, high health literacy, and eHealth literacy influenced healthcare behavior. Understanding how the pandemic affects people on modifying preventive health behavior is promising. Accordingly, this cross-sectional study focusing on health behavior utilized Structural Equation Modeling to characterize causative factors of anxiety, health literacy, eHealth literature, and protection in the new normal of COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand. Online surveys used a snowball sampling method through social media to recruit participants aged over 20 years in 8 provinces in Thailand. iGeneration and millennials were the top two, making up 75.0% of the 700-respondents in total. Independent variables: Health Literacy (p = .030); eHealth Literacy (p < .001); and anxiety (p = .040) significantly influenced the new normal. The new normal practices: hand hygiene, wearing hygienic masks and social distancing, maintaining good health, and preventing virus exposure by making digital payments could be indicated by 34% of Thai people by all those independent variables. This means that those who are more concerned and literate about health literacy and eHealth literacy, will make better health decisions and practice more preventive health care. Individuals may use health knowledge to make healthy decisions to protect themselves from the current pandemic. They can also use what they have learned to defend themselves from other emerging infectious illnesses in the future. Therefore, official institutions should provide helpful and timely health information that is easily accessible. Public health interventions should prioritize the availability of health information in the electronic form on various social media platforms to educate people to protect themselves from the spread of disease. The information should be comprehensible and practical for all socioeconomic groups.

This observational research analyzed public hospital data from the Thailand Ministry of Public Health website to investigate gender differences in four categories of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) affecting hospitalized senior Thai populations for 12 years. This study aimed to determine the cumulative effects and analyze the odds ratio (OR) according to ICD-10 cause categories for the data from 2010 to 2021, accounting for 1,327,093 cases in 2010 and 2,275,936 cases in 2021. The findings revealed statistically significant gender differences in four categories of NCDs. Men were found to be more likely than women to have two types of NCDs, as measured by the OR (95%CI): cerebrovascular diseases (OR 1.34–1.47, 95%CI 1.32–1.48), and ischaemic heart disease (OR 1.24–1.63, 95%CI 1.23–1.64). Conversely, diabetes mellitus (OR 0.64–0.84, 95%CI 0.63–0.85) and hypertensive disorders (OR 0.82–0.95, 95%CI 0.81–0.97) were discovered to have a lower likelihood of ratios related in men compared to women. However, the trend of all four NCDs in men has significantly increased every year: cerebrovascular diseases = 0.0093 year(s) + 1.3391, (R² 0.82, p-value 0.001); diabetes mellitus = 0.0171 year(s) + 0.6143, (R² 0.97, p-value 0.001); hypertension = 0.0125 year(s) + 0.8091, (R² 0.96, p-value 0.001); and ischaemic heart disease = 0.0345 year(s) + 1.1884, (R² 0.99, p-value 0.001).Gender, a crucial biological factor, contributes to variations in the prevalence of illness. As such, it is essential to prioritize the disease risk occurrence and preventive care for men and women separately, with a focus on implementing more detailed screening and detection strategies, as well as tailored interventions.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between psychosocial factors, protective factors, and its associated triggers with psychological distress among Bolivian adolescents. This cross-sectional study was conducted by investigating the 2018 Bolivia global school-based student health survey (GSHS). The total number of students who participated in this survey was 7931, and the final sample was 7377. The mean age of the participants was 15.3 years (SD = 1.4). Psychological distress was assessed with a 2-item screener (loneliness and worry induced sleep disturbance). In all 22.3% of participants reported experiencing psychological distress, with 18.1% among adolescent males and 26.2% among adolescent females. In adjusted logistic regression analysis (AOR, 95% CI), there are two significant directions of association. One is the negative association, such as parental involvement as a protective factor. School adolescents who had more parental involvement were less likely to experience psychological distress. Parents understand problems or worries (0.64, 0.54–0.75, p < .001) and parents disregard privacy (0.69, 0.58–0.82, p < .001). On the other hand, many psycho-social factors are significantly positively associated with psychological distress. School adolescents who experience more psychosocial factors are more likely to experience psychological distress. Physical assault in the previous year (1.83, 1.59–2.11, p < .001), being bullied at school (1.27, 1.07–1.52, p < .01), being bullied outside of school (1.36, 1.15–1.61, p < .001), and being cyberbullied (1.60, 1.37–1.88, p < .001), were all significantly associated with psychological distress. Healthy relationships in a family, and interventions to reduce violence and bullying, should be encouraged and promoted.

COVID-19 are causing many psychological impacts and change many aspects of human life. Mental health services also experiencing changes because of COVID-19 outbreak. In Indonesia, COVID-19 outbreak prompted the rapid development of online mental health services. These online mental health services which will help people to connect with professional mental healthcare providers using technology were created in response to this pandemic. Therefore, converting mental health services into online services in a state of urgency is challenging. This qualitative case study aims to provide a map of the service challenges that professional healthcare providers face while providing online services at present time by interviewing eight Indonesian psychologists as one of the mental health professionals who provided the online mental health services. Semi-structured interviews were done using interview guidelines with open-ended questions, and any other complementary data was collected using questionnaire. The data gathered from interviews was first performed through triangulation and then analyzed using thematic network analysis, which resulted in the following challenges: (1) building engagement; (2) risk of getting distracted during the sessions; (3) maintaining professional boundaries during the sessions; (4) keeping the personal information and confidentiality of the sessions; (5) perceived efficacy; and (6) attitudes towards online sessions. According to the results, the relevant organization can use this finding to contribute and develop the online mental health services both in this COVID-19 situation and in the future.