This study aimed to molecularly identify Trichuris spp. in long-tailed macaques from two key habitats in Northeast Thailand: Dong Ling Don Chao Pu Park, Amnat Charoen Province, and Kumphawapi Monkey Garden, Udon Thani Province. Genomic DNA was extracted from 13 Trichuris spp. egg samples collected from 13 infected long-tailed macaques, and PCR amplification targeting partial sequences of the 18S rRNA gene and ITS2 region was performed for phylogenetic analysis. Of the 13 Trichuris spp. egg samples, the partial 18S rRNA gene was successfully amplified from six, while ITS2 amplification was unsuccessful. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that four specimens sequenced from Dong Ling Don Chao Pu Park were T. trichiura. In contrast, two specimens sequenced from Kumphawapi Monkey Garden clustered with the only confirmed T. ovis from goat, as well as unconfirmed Trichuris spp. from other ruminant hosts. These findings suggest that the Trichuris spp. in macaques are likely T. ovis; however, the evidence remains inconclusive. Therefore, accurate species identification in this region requires further molecular analysis using additional genetic markers. This study provides the first molecular identification of T. trichiura in long-tailed macaques from Northeast Thailand. Additionally, it is the first report suggesting the possible T. ovis infection in non-human primates. These findings highlight the potential for Trichuris spp. transmission across diverse host species, underscoring the need for enhanced surveillance of parasitic infections in wildlife and livestock, particularly in regions with close human-animal interactions. Continued molecular investigations are essential to elucidate Trichuris spp. transmission dynamics and zoonotic potential, aiding in public health risk mitigation.

Background: Thailand is rapidly transitioning into an aging society, creating an intergenerational caregiving gap that strains existing support systems. Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of “Young Care,” a community-based intervention designed to enhance youth knowledge, attitudes, and caregiving practices (KAP) toward older adults. Methods: A two-day structured training was conducted in Maha Sarakham Province in 2023 using a pre-post mixed-methods design. Middle and high school students participated in lectures, multimedia sessions, and experiential learning activities related to caregiving. Quantitative data were collected using validated KAP questionnaires, while qualitative insights were obtained from focus group discussions involving students, older persons, caregivers, and local leaders. Results: Post-intervention analysis revealed significant improvements in knowledge and attitudes (p < 0.001), accompanied by increased empathy, caregiving initiative, and a sense of moral responsibility among participants. Conclusions: The initiative fostered formal partnerships among schools, local governments, healthcare providers, and universities through memoranda of understanding. These collaborations enabled budgetary support and outreach to out-of-school youth, positioning “Young Care” as a scalable, youth-centered strategy to address Thailand’s long-term care challenges.

This study examines vulnerabilities in HTTPS implementation across 12 Thai e-banking websites, focusing on HSTS misconfigurations and the potential for SSL stripping and keylogger injection attacks. The results show that all sites are susceptible to SSL stripping due to a lack of HSTS preload, allowing interception of login credentials. Furthermore, keylogger injection after MITM and SSL stripping was effective even on sites with salted-hash passwords. To mitigate these threats, the paper proposes to use an On-Screen Keyboard (OSK) combined with salted-hash passwords. Experiments with this approach demonstrate its effectiveness in preventing keystroke logging while maintaining user experience. The research underscores the need for robust technical controls and user education to enhance the security of online banking systems against evolving cyber threats.

Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) commonly inhabit human-modified environments across Asia, where close human–macaque interactions have increased interest in understanding soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections at human–wildlife interfaces. Because gastrointestinal helminth infections can affect animal health, understanding STH prevalence may support wildlife health surveillance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of major STHs in long-tailed macaques across diverse habitat settings in Asia. EMBASE, PubMed, and Scopus were systematically searched for studies published between 2000 and January 2026, with additional records identified through Google Scholar. Random-effects models with Freeman–Tukey double-arcsine transformation were used to calculate pooled prevalence estimates, and subgroup analyses were performed by habitat type, country, and diagnostic method. Thirty-five studies comprising 5505 macaques from seven countries, predominantly in Southeast Asia, were included. Studies involved urban/temple-associated free-ranging, wild/semi-wild, and captive populations. Among free-ranging macaques, pooled prevalence estimates were 19.3% for Strongyloides spp., 12.9% for hookworms, 9.1% for Trichuris spp., and 3.3% for Ascaris spp. In captive macaque populations, pooled prevalence estimates were 3.6% for Strongyloides spp., 2.2% for hookworm, 1.4% for Ascaris spp., and 8.2% for Trichuris spp. Subgroup analyses by habitat type suggested relatively higher prevalence estimates in urban/temple-associated settings than in wild/semi-wild habitats for several STH taxa. However, substantial between-study heterogeneity (I² > 90% in most analyses), publication bias, and possible small-study effects were identified in some analyses, particularly for hookworm prevalence estimates. These findings indicate that STH infections have been documented among long-tailed macaque populations across diverse habitat settings in Asia. Nevertheless, pooled prevalence estimates should be interpreted cautiously because of substantial heterogeneity, diagnostic variability, and possible publication bias. Future standardized surveillance and molecular investigations may support improved understanding of the prevalence and distribution of STH infections at human–wildlife interfaces.

Background/Objectives: Periductal fibrosis (PDF) is a common hepatobiliary abnormality associated with chronic Opisthorchis viverrini infection and may represent an ultrasonographic marker of chronic biliary injury in liver fluke-endemic regions. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between ultrasound-defined PDF and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA)-related outcomes and summarized the prevalence of overall PDF and advanced periductal fibrosis (APF) in endemic populations. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched from database inception to April 2026, supplemented by manual screening of reference lists. Observational studies reporting PDF prevalence and/or the association between PDF and CCA-related outcomes were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and prevalence estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Three studies involving 758,686 participants were included in the pooled association analysis. Ultrasound-defined PDF was associated with higher odds of CCA-related outcomes, including confirmed CCA, incident CCA, and clinically suspected CCA, with a pooled OR of 2.77 (95% CI: 2.24–3.44; I² = 0%). Because outcome definitions, effect measures, adjustment status, and PDF exposure categories varied across studies, this estimate should be interpreted as a summary association rather than as a precise estimate of confirmed CCA risk. Four studies involving 759,117 participants contributed to the overall PDF prevalence analysis, whereas three studies reported APF prevalence data. Prevalence estimates varied substantially across endemic settings, with extreme between-study heterogeneity. Conclusions: Overall, ultrasound-defined PDF may help identify individuals who warrant closer surveillance or further evaluation; however, it should not be interpreted as a definitive histopathological diagnosis or a proven causal precursor of CCA. Further prospective studies using standardized fibrosis definitions, blinded ultrasonographic assessment, confirmed or incident CCA outcomes, and adjustment for O. viverrini infection-related factors and other key confounders are needed to validate the role of PDF in CCA risk stratification.

Background and Objectives: Hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma (hMTC) exhibits substantial clinical heterogeneity according to the underlying germline RET pathogenic variant. Although the germline RET M918T pathogenic variant is associated with aggressive disease, its associations with clinical outcomes have not been comprehensively quantified. We aimed to evaluate the associations between the M918T variant and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with hMTC. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched from database inception to May 2026 in accordance with PRISMA 2020. Eligible studies compared patients with the germline RET M918T pathogenic variant with those harboring other germline RET pathogenic variants. Random-effects models were used to pool odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for lymph node metastasis, metastatic disease, advanced-stage disease, and mortality. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. The protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261377120). Results: Nine cohort studies involving 1485 participants were included, with outcome-specific sample sizes varying. Three studies had a low overall risk of bias and six had a moderate risk. The M918T variant was associated with increased odds of lymph node metastasis (OR 7.86, 95% CI 2.58–23.94), metastatic disease (OR 6.50, 95% CI 3.72–11.37), advanced-stage disease (OR 4.88, 95% CI 2.30–10.33), and mortality (OR 7.32, 95% CI 3.14–17.10). The association was stronger for disease-specific than all-cause mortality, although the subgroup difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The germline RET M918T pathogenic variant was associated with adverse clinical outcomes compared with other germline RET pathogenic variants. However, heterogeneous comparator groups and residual confounding preclude causal interpretation.