Food systems interact through multiple dimensions including food security, nutrition, and planetary health. This study aims to associate different dietary patterns with sustainable lifestyles in Latin America and Spain. This was an observational, analytical, multicenter, cross-sectional survey study, with a total of 6412 participants. A self-administered questionnaire was developed in an online format in the Google Docs interface. The questionnaire was divided into sections: (1) sociodemographic background: country of residence, age, sex, educational level, socioeconomic aspects, and place of residence; (2) body mass index classification; (3) dietary patterns (Western, vegetarian, vegan, ketogenic, Mediterranean, prudent, or paleolithic diets); and (4) the Sustainable Lifestyles Survey. Multivariate models were applied to adjust for potential confounding factors. The mean age of the participants was 35.2 years (SD 12.7). The majority of participants identified their dietary pattern as omnivorous (41.5%), followed by the Western diet (21.7%) and the Mediterranean diet (12.7%). Plant-based, vegan (β: 14.90; 95% CI: 9.75–20.05), and lacto egg (β: 12.08; 95% CI: 8.57–15.58) diets are significantly associated with a higher sustainability score compared to an omnivorous diet. In contrast, a Western diet is inversely associated (β: −5.63; 95% CI: −7.20 to −4.06). Finally, a vegan (Sub-score 1: β: 6.19; 95% CI: 4.43–7.96) diet is consistently associated with higher levels of sustainability in all areas assessed. In contrast, the Western diet shows a significant negative association with sustainability in all subcomponents assessed. Conclusions: Plant-based dietary patterns were shown to be associated with sustainable lifestyles, with the vegan diet having the greatest association, while the Western dietary pattern was inversely associated.

Background: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has increased significantly in Latin America and Spain, impacting both health and environmental sustainability. To our knowledge, this is the first multicenter study to examine the association between UPF consumption and sustainable lifestyle behaviors in Latin America and Spain. Objective: To evaluate the association between UPF consumption and sustainable lifestyle behaviors in Latin America and Spain. Methods: This was an observational, analytical, multicenter, cross-sectional study. A validated, self-administered online questionnaire was distributed in 14 countries between March 2023 and January 2024. The survey collected sociodemographic data, UPF intake (classified using the NOVA system), body mass index and sustainable lifestyle behaviors (food, transport, environment). Multivariate linear regression models were applied to assess associations, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, physical activity and BMI. Results: Among 6009 adults (mean age: 34.98 ± 12.55; 79.5% women), those with the highest consumption of UPF (fast food, beverages and juices, salty snacks and sweet snacks) were significantly more likely to be in the least sustainable quartile compared to those who did not consume these food products ((OR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.79–3.54), (OR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.50–2.22), (OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.32–1.73) and (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.20–1.67), respectively, with p values < 0.001). Conclusions: High consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is inversely associated with sustainable lifestyles. These findings position UPF consumption not only as a health problem but also as a key indicator of unsustainable lifestyles.

The use of ergogenic aids, particularly polyphenols such as 2S-hesperidin, has gained attention due to their potential to enhance exercise performance, although evidence in team sports and female athletes remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of 2S-hesperidin (Cardiose^®) supplementation on physical performance and external and internal load during basketball-specific activity in female basketball players. A randomized, cross-over, single-blind design was employed in twelve competitive female players (age: 21.4 ± 2.2 years; Tier 3–4) who ingested 500 mg of 2S-hesperidin or placebo five hours before standardized testing and on-court practice. Physical performance was assessed through handgrip strength, countermovement jump (CMJ), drop jump (DJ), sprint, agility, and the 30–15 intermittent fitness test (30–15 IFT), while external and internal load variables were monitored during a standardized on-court practice designed to reflect the players’ typical training routine. In these exploratory analyses, differences favoring the 2S-hesperidin condition were observed for dominant handgrip strength, CMJ height, DJ height in the dominant leg, and end speed in 30–15 IFT , whereas no clear differences were observed in sprint, agility, or reactive strength index. External load variables showed no clear differences between conditions. Mean heart rate was lower in the supplementation condition, although this isolated finding should be interpreted cautiously in view of the small sample and the number of outcomes examined. Overall, the observed pattern suggests that acute 2S-hesperidin supplementation may be associated with selected neuromuscular and intermittent performance responses, without clear changes in external load. Given the small sample size and multiplicity of outcomes, these findings should be regarded as exploratory and hypothesis-generating rather than as confirmatory evidence of an ergogenic effect.