Taxonomic placement of genera have been changing rapidly as taxonomists widely use DNA sequence data in phylogenetic and evolutionary studies. It is essential to update existing databases/outlines based on recent studies, since these sources are widely used as a foundation for other research. In this outline, we merge both asexual and sexual genera into one outline. The phylum Ascomycota comprises of three subphyla viz. Pezizomycotina (including 13 classes, 124 orders and 507 families), Saccharomycotina (including one class, one order and 13 families) and Taphrinomycotina (five classes, five orders and six families). Approximately, 6600 genera have been listed under different taxonomic ranks including auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic ranks.

Alternaria, a genus of ascomycetes, comprises major plant pathogens, saprobes and are common allergens to humans. There are more than 360 accepted species in the genus, which are currently divided into 29 sections. This paper aims to elaborate the taxonomy of Alternaria with multi-locus phylogenetic trees derived by analyses of a concatenated DNA sequence dataset consisting of ITS, LSU, TEF1-α, RPB2, GAPDH and Alt-a1 loci. Eighteen new species viz. Alternaria arctoseptata, A. arundinis,A. baoshanensis, A. breviconidiophora,A. brevirostra,A. ellipsoidialis,A. eupatoriicola,A. falcata,A. lathyri, A. macilenta,A. macroconidia,A. minimispora,A. nodulariconidiophora, A. oblongoellipsoidea, A. orobanches, A. phragmiticola,A. phytolaccae and A. salicicola are introduced and classified in sect. Alternaria, sect. Infectoriae, sect. Porri and sect. Radicina. Alternaria alternata andA. doliconidium are also described herein with new host and geographical records, in China, Italy, and Thailand. This study further explores the utility of divergent time estimates to gain additional insights into the evolutionary relationships of Alternaria in Pleosporales.

Pleosporales is the largest fungal order with a worldwide distribution in terrestrial and aquatic environments. During investigations of saprobic fungi associated with mango (Mangifera indica) in Baoshan and Honghe, Yunnan, China, fungal taxa belonging to pleosporales were collected. Morphological examinations and phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU, SSU, rpb2 and tef1-α loci were used to identify the fungal taxa. A new genus, Mangifericomes; four new species, namely Mangifericomes hongheensis, Neomassaria hongheensis, Paramonodictys hongheensis, and Paramonodictys yunnanensis; and six new host and country records, namely Byssosphaeria siamensis, Crassiparies quadrisporus, Paradictyoarthrinium aquatica, Phaeoseptum mali, Torula fici, and Vaginatispora amygdali, are introduced. Photoplates, full descriptions, and phylogenetic trees to show the placement of new and known taxa are provided.

While conducting a survey of bambusicolous fungi in northern Thailand and southwestern China, several saprobic fungi were collected from dead branches, culms and twigs of bamboos, which were preliminarily identified as species belonging to Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes) based on a morphological approach. Multigene phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, LSU, SSU, rpb2, tef1-α and tub2 demonstrated four novel taxa belonging to the families Parabambusicolaceae, Pyrenochaetopsidaceae and Tetraploasphaeriaceae. Hence, Paramultiseptospora bambusae sp. et gen. nov., Pyrenochaetopsis yunnanensis sp. nov. and Tetraploa bambusae sp. nov. are introduced. In addition, Anastomitrabeculia didymospora found on bamboo twigs in terrestrial habitats is reported for the first time. Detailed morphological descriptions and updated phylogenetic trees of each family are provided herein.

Bamboos not only provide socio-economic benefits to communities within the region, but also provide ecosystem services such as soil-water conservation, stabilization of sandy soils and restoration of soil nutrients. Bambusicolous ascomycetes refers to ascomycetous fungi living on any substrate of bamboo. As the largest group of fungi on bamboo, they play a significant ecological value in species composition and the structure of fungal community, circulation of materials and energy flow of nutrition elements. In an effort to document the bambusicolous Ascomycota found in China, we assessed all major sources of academic literature, journal papers, and the USDA database (https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/fungushost/fungushost.cfm) for reports of these fungi from China. As a result, we produced a systematic and comprehensive checklist of bambusicolous Ascomycota in China. Current names of fungi, bamboo host name, bamboo substrate, details of collected localities, references and latest classification for every bambusicolous ascomycete in China are also provided. In addition, we focused on the species richness of bambusicolous Ascomycota in China with an emphasis on southwest China.

During our ongoing studies of bambusicolous fungi in southwest China and Thailand, three saprobic pleosporalean taxa were discovered on bamboos in Yunnan Province of China. Occultibambusa hongheensis and Seriascoma bambusae spp. nov. are introduced based on morphological characteristics coupled with multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, SSU, TEF1-α, RPB2 and ITS sequence data. Occultibambusa kunmingensis is also reported from a terrestrial habitat for the first time. Comprehensive descriptions, color photo plates of micromorphology, and a phylogenetic tree showing the placements of these three taxa are provided. In addition, synopsis tables of Occultibambusa and Seriascoma with morphological features are also provided.