The use of solar energy to heat water is the more critical application of solar energy. Researchers are trying to develop different methods to improve the efficiency of solar water heaters to meet the increasing demand for hot water due to global population growth. To reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of solar heaters, the solar collector and the storage tank are combined into one part, and this system is called solar storage collector. It can be defined as geometric shapes filled with water, painted black, and placed under the influence of sunlight to gain the largest amount of solar energy. This article presents the various designs of solar storage collector. This review showed that design variables and design shape significantly affect the efficiency of the solar heating system. Climate and operational factors also have a strong influence on the performance of solar heating. Furthermore, scientists and researchers have also used nanotechnology, solar cells, and mirrors to improve other stored solar collectors' performance. Finally, recently published articles indicate an increase in interest in improving the efficiency of solar storage collector by creating new designs that enhance the economic and practical viability.

A well-prepared abstract enables the reader to identify the basic content. This paper presents the solution of voltage fluctuations in urgent situations by providing voltage and reactive support from a distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) in the grid. Also, it analyses the influences of DSTATCOM as a voltage controller and compares the system performance with and without DSTATCOM. The DSTATCOM is used in the study to maintain voltage in the microgrid (MG) to be around the rated value after Microgrid disturbance. A successful simulink model of the photovoltaic (PV) system and the proposed DSTATCOM are illustrated to work together as the Microgrid. Microgrids could provide unique resilience and reliability when the environment encountered with less water, higher temperatures, more frequent and harsh wildfires, and severe weather events. The proposed DSTATCOM was installed in different locations in the MG and the best location was chosen to achieve the goal of improved power quality and efficiency. In this paper, two scenarios are discussed with and without DSTATCOM. The simulation results show the difference between the MG with and without DSTATCOM and how the DSTATCOM can amplify power quality in the Microgrid. The proposed DSTATCOM has the capability to improve dampen power oscillations during transit events.

Mosul is one of the cities of Iraq, which was attacked by fierce terrorist organizations called ISIS since 2014–2017 destroyed all the infrastructure of the city. After liberation the city from ISIS by the Iraqi forces had to return to normal life and repair all the destroyed topic of the city. The most important of these topics is for return drinking water and elimination of water pollution by testing and monitoring the water in real time with modern technology to use the best drinking water in addition to reach Mosul city as a smart city. In this paper, designed and implemented the proposed system by using internet of thing with low cost and instant results for the purpose of testing drinking water in real time for many important parameters of the water, such as Temperature, pH, TDS, Turbidity, and Conductivity,. Each parameter can be measured by the sensor. All these sensors connected to the Arduino UNO model can be used as a core controller and send the data to the internet through the Wi-Fi module (ESP 8266). Finally, the sensor data can be viewed on the internet using ThingSpeak API for the purpose of collecting information, analyzing and sending it for display on LCD or Mobile or Laptop. The results were compared with laboratory results in the “Right water project/Mosul”. The proposed system was very powerful, short time to execute, very cheap, and highly efficient. The results for the proposed system is approximate to the Laboratory results by 98.6 %.

Biodiesel is one of the most common and familiar among the alternative fuels in many applications. It’s environment friendly, biodegradable as well as renewable source, to meet the future energy crises. Though blending of biodiesel with mineral diesel are suggested to operate diesel engine, it is approved as a commercial fuel at low blending ratios less than 30%. Fuel additives are the most viable option to implement the utilization of biodiesel at high bending ratio with diesel to operate un-modified diesel engine. Investigation of blended biodiesel-diesel fuel (B40) properties and engine performance with iso-butanol additives is conducted in this study at 5% and 10% additive ratio. The study results reveal that the viscosity of blended fuel is the highest which decrease with increasing additive ratio in the blend with better viscosity for B40IB10 compared to diesel fuel. On the other hand, the heating value of blended fuel is lower than that of mineral diesel and decreases with increasing additive ratio in the blend. Introducing iso-butanol additive with the blend at 5% results in significant increase in brake power compared to that of blended fuel B40. Further increase in iso-butanol additive to 10% leads to increase brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency in which the higher value obtained. Engine test results show that introducing iso-butanol additive with the blended fuel B40 at 5% (B40IB5) can be suggested for better engine performance at high thermal efficiency.