This study explores how the variation of Gravity Waves (GWs) is modified and intensified during tropical cyclones using high-resolution ERA5 reanalysis data. GWs play a vital role in understanding tropical cyclone dynamics due to their connection with energy and momentum transfer in the atmosphere. Different issues related to six tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal from 2019 to 2022, spanning different intensities and seasonal conditions, are analyzed. Using temperature and pressure data across 37 vertical levels, several variables like perturbation temperature and potential energy $E_p$ profiles associated with GWs are computed. Spatial temperature distributions and $E_p$ exhibit spiral formations resembling cyclone structures with significant altitude-dependent variations. Temperature signatures are observed at altitudes between 1.4 km and 5.8 km, with Pressure Levels (PLs) of 850 hPa and 500 hPa, respectively, varying by season and intensity, while $E_p$ signatures are prominent between 15.25 km and and 20.77 km, with PLs of 125 hPa and PL 50 hPa, respectively, peaking at 16.58 km and PL 100 hPa for most cyclones, except Cyclone Fani, which peaked at 18.72 km with a PL of 70 hPa. $E_p$ values range from 10 to 25 J/kg, reflecting strong GW–cyclone interactions. These findings highlight the influence of cyclone intensity, seasonality, and atmospheric dynamics on GW behavior, enhancing the understanding of energy transfer processes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.

This study explores how the variation of atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) get modified and intensified during tropical cyclones using high-resolution ERA5 reanalysis data. AGWs play a vital role in understanding tropical cyclone dynamics due to their connection with energy and momentum transfer in the atmosphere. Different issues related to six tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal from 2019 to 2022, spanning different intensities and seasonal conditions, have been analyzed. Using temperature and pressure data across 37 vertical levels, several variables like perturbation temperature and potential energy Ep profiles associated with AGWs are computed. Spatial temperature distributions and Ep exhibit spiral formations resembling cyclone structures with significant altitude-dependent variations. Temperature signatures are observed at altitudes between 1.5 km and 5.5 km, varying by season and intensity, while Ep signatures were prominent between 14.55 km and 19.31 km, peaking at 15.79 km for most cyclones except Cyclone Fani, which peaked at 17.66 km. Ep values ranged from 10 to 25 J/kg, reflecting strong AGW-cyclone interactions. These findings highlight the influence of cyclone intensity, seasonality, and atmospheric dynamics on AGW behaviour, enhancing the understanding of energy transfer processes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.